DNA: the basis of heredity - Mutations

13 important questions on DNA: the basis of heredity - Mutations

What happens during end modification in RNA processing?

One end of the RNA molecule is capped, and a poly A tail is attached to the other end.

What is the purpose of end modification in RNA processing?

End modification helps stabilize the RNA molecule and facilitate its transport.

What is the purpose of alternative splicing in RNA processing?

Alternative splicing removes introns, which are non-coding regions of the gene, allowing for the production of different proteins.
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How can cutting events change the order of the RNA molecule?

Cutting events can rearrange the pieces of the RNA molecule, resulting in the production of different proteins.

What is the purpose of chemical modification in RNA processing?

Chemical modification involves adding new chemical groups to the RNA molecule, which can enhance or diminish its function.

What is the term for adding a cap and poly A tail to an RNA molecule?

It is called end modification.

What is the purpose of capping and adding a poly A tail to an RNA molecule?

Capping and adding a poly A tail helps stabilize the RNA molecule and facilitate its transport.

From mRNA to protein --> Translation


The mRNA is synthesized containing the same sequence as DNA and is then transported into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein.
The building blocks pf proteins are amino acids.
3nucleotides (codon) in mRNA --> codes for1 amino acid
4 different letters an 3 places -->43 combinations = 64 codons for only 20 amino acids.
Redundancy --> some codons translate nto the same amino acid.
Initiation codon --> to start translation (Aug) usually)
Stop codons --> to stop translation UAA UAG and UGA

What are the properties of nonpolar R groups?

Nonpolar R groups are hydrophobic and do not like water, preferring fat instead.

What is the effect of negatively charged R groups on protein structure?

Negatively charged R groups can interact with positively charged R groups within a protein.

How do polar R groups orient themselves in a protein?

Polar R groups tend to orient themselves towards the outside of the protein due to the abundance of water in the cell environment.

What type of interactions occur between positively and negatively charged R groups within a protein?

Positively charged R groups can attract and interact with negatively charged R groups within a protein.

What makes nonpolar R groups stick together in a protein?

Nonpolar R groups stick together because they are hydrophobic and do not like water.

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