Introduction: Definitons and Time Limits; the Impact of Antiquity

9 important questions on Introduction: Definitons and Time Limits; the Impact of Antiquity

Why were paintings from Antiquity almost not heard of during the Middle Ages?

Because they were made on panel or walls, which aren't very durable.

What happened to the pagan (Roman) artworks in the Middle Ages?

1. Stone buildings were basically demolished to reuse their stones (like the Colosseum).
2. Bronze statues or artworks were molten down to turn into cannons and other objects.
3. Reliefs were just turned around, repurposed (a sarcophagus as a drinking bassin) or given a new, Christian meaning.
4. Lifelike, marble statues were often just destroyed.

Why were objects from Antiquity treated quite badly during the Middle Ages?

1. These objects just weren't thought to have any value and people wanted to reuse their materials.
2. The people were afraid of the pagan statues, as these were thought to possess magical powers.
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How were objects from Antiquity used as Christian propaganda?

Christian rulers started claiming that saints destroyed these pagan statues of gods that weren't God (who should not be depicted anyway) for their faith. However, this really did not happen very often, although it did happen. They depicted it as something very heroic.

What was Giovanni Pisano's Prudentia based on and why is this strange?

On the Venus Pudia. Whereas that was a statue concerning lust and beauty, the Prudentia was all about chastity.

Why can it be hard to distinguish between Christian and Roman art?

Because the early Christians adopted Roman art. Sometimes they turned Roman buildings into churches and sometimes they built them themselves. It is hard to tell the difference.

Why wasn't the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius destroyed?

Because the Medieval people believed it to be Constantine, the first Christian emperor. They wanted to keep it is his honour.

How does Michael Greenhalgh challenge the view that the (rise of) the Christian religion caused the loss of many Roman monuments?

He says that it isn't clear what happened to the monuments, even though religion was part of the destruction. Also:
  1. Christianity wasn't the only reason.
  2. People became indifferent to art and beauty.
  3. Many buildings were demolished because their materials could be reused.
  4. Statues were demolished because people were afraid of their magic (which isn't a Christian idea).

Which factors helped Roman artifacts survive the Middle Ages?

  1. The materials they were made of. Marble and bronze were reused, stone was not.
  2. Their size and where they were located. Outside of the city, they were safer, because they were often too big and heavy to bring back to the city.
  3. Subject matter. Artifacts without pagan reliefs survived more often, especially if they could be integrated within or adapted to Christian context.

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