Data Visualization & Reporting
19 important questions on Data Visualization & Reporting
What are the five key qualities of effective visualisation (Cairo, 2014)?
- Thruthful
- Functional
- Beautiful
- Insightful
- Enlightening
What guidelines can help to be as truthful as possible?
- A fair comparison basis, give insight in the question and use equal bin sizes
- Insight in a variable's distribution, when needed provide not only the mean but also the median, SD, min and max.
- A lie factor of about 1, number of info carrying dimensions shown does not exceed nr of dimensions shown in the data
What is meant with the functional heuristic?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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What guidelines can help to be as functional as possible?
- Fit, what tasks the graphic should enable and choose the corresponding graph.
- Meaningful baseline, use zero instead of non-zero baselines, do not truncate axes (afkappen van de axis)
- Experiment, put your work to the test
What is meant with the beautiful heuristic?
What is the main guideline of the 'beautiful' heuristic?
- Less is more
- Maximise the Data-Ink Ratio
- too low DI ratio is too much noise and distraction, so eliminate everything that does not add value
- Avoid unintended optical art
What is the goal of the 'Gestalt Principles'?
What is meant with the 'Gestalt principle of proximity'?
Application: Group them visually to reduce cognitive load
What is meant with the 'Gestalt principle of similarity'?
Application: Use similar colors or shapes to create groups or show a relation and reduce cognitive load
What is meant with the 'Gestalt principle of closure'?
Application: removal of chart borders and gridlines
What is meant with the 'Gestalt principle of continuity'?
Application: the removal of axis line in a plot to decrease cognitive load
What is meant with the 'Gestalt principle of figure/ground'?
What is meant with pre-attentive attributes (Schwabish, 2014)?
Do not use too many, goal is to reduce cognitive load.
What are the visualisation steps provided by Nussbaumer and Knaflic)?
- Understand the context/audience, MAKE A PERSONA
- Eliminate Clutter (functional GESTALT/COGNITIVE LOAD)
- Choose an appropriate visual display (Functional)
- Think like a designer
- Tell a story
What is meant with 'understand the context' of visualisation steps?
Learning outcome 1 specifies: Knowledge and understanding of the key issue that underlies the field of data visualization, explain
data visualisation is often the only part an audience will ever see, although the least amount of time goes into this part.
Although everyone can make visualisations with the new tools (tableau), few are taught how, based on principles.
There is need for mediators as integral part of visualisation (rossling example in Cairo 2020 paper).
The issue in the visualisation field according to Chen is:
- Too broad
- Lack of theoretical foundation.
We overcome this with Heuristics and Principles, which is the next Learning Outcome.
Knowledge and understanding of three heuristics that can be followed for maximising a visualisations effectiveness.
- Thruthful
- Functional
- Beautiful
- Insightful
- Enlightening
What are the pre-attentive atributes of Schwabish one can use to reduce cognitive load?
- Size
- Shape
- Colour
- Spatial Position
- Orientation
- Line Length and Width
What does Schwabish say about bar and column charts?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
