Bilingualism in SLP: state of the science - Bilingualism in childhood - Sequential bilingual speech and language acquisition
13 important questions on Bilingualism in SLP: state of the science - Bilingualism in childhood - Sequential bilingual speech and language acquisition
What is sequential bilingualism speech?
The acquisition of an L2 during childhood after exposure to the first language (L1) has begun.
In general: children begin to acquire a second language at the onset of schooling.
Does L1 support in L2 acquisition?
How does L1 support in L2 aqcuisition?
L2 skills depend on L1 skills and proficiency (vaardigheden):
- L1 partially "equips" L2
- L1 skills and metalinguistic knowledge can be "used" when learning L2.
- L1 and L2 contain surface features
- Common underlying proficiencies accros L1/L2 = CUP
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Give the 4 stages in early successive L2 development
Stage 2: Silent period or nonverbal period
Stage 3: Telegrahip and formulaic speech
Stage 4: Productive language use
What is the developmental trajectory by secquential bilingual child?
Stages
Explain the phonological devolopment by secquential bilingual child
- These phonological differences / similarities between L1 / L2 also influences acquisition path => type of phonological errors
- Phonological transfer is temporary!
Explain the grammatical development by secquential bilingual child
- These grammatical differences / similarities between L1 / L2 also influences acquisition path => type of grammatical errors
- L2 children will relatively easy learn morpho syntacic information!
Explain the lexical development by secquential bilingual child
- Vocabulary distributed accross languages: fewer words per language than MO but similar vocabulary growth over time (MO + BI)
- Caution for overdiagnosis when assessing vocabulary in this group!
What are the inter-individual differences?
- AoA L2, language aptitude (bekwaamheid)
- Child external factors
- Quantity / quality home language input, educational environment, SES..
What are the typical characteristics simultaneous and sequential acquisition?
- Code- Mixing
- Cross linguistic transfer CLT
- BICS and CALP
- Addive and subtractive bilingualism
Explain language dominance + influencing factors?
Influencing factors:
- Quantity language input
- Quality language input
- Sensitivity majority language
- Parents attitude
Explain code-mixing, 2 types + SLP viewpoint?
Intra utterance: within the same utterance bv my shoes are bleu
Inter utterance: same stretch of conversation bv how old I am? Moi, j'ai 10 ans.
SLP viewpoint:
- Typical pattern of bilingual language use
- Communicative resource (bv filling lexical gap)
- Mostly adapted to the grammatical rules of both languages
- Shaped by social/family norms
- Reflection of the child's cultural identity
- Children should not be discouraged from code-mixing
- Code-mixing is not an indication of confusion, language disorder, poor vocabulary
Explain additive and subtractive bilingualism
Subractive refers to the occurence in wich the second language is added at the expense of the first language and culture, which than diminishes (or disappears) as a consequence.
Reason? Unequal of equal importance of different languages.
Consequence? Less accurate school language development, emotional problems.
It is important to avoid subtractive bilingualism. Bv immigrant second language learners, given the lack of support for their cultural values and languages.
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