I.2 Interactions + I.3 Affinity + I.4 Adenosinetriphosphate

14 important questions on I.2 Interactions + I.3 Affinity + I.4 Adenosinetriphosphate

What are 'electrodynamic' interactions?

'Electrodynamic' interactions is the attraction or repulsion of either permanent or induced dipoles.

What are permanent dipoles

Permanent dipoles are electrostatic. Permanent dipoles may exert attractive or repulsive forces, dependent on spatial arrangement.

What are induced dipoles?

Induced dipoles are electrodynamic (which means that they are weaker than permanent dipoles). Induced dipoles emerge by forces originating from neighboring permanent dipole (always attractive).
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What are dispersion forces (van der Waals interactions)?

Dispersion forces are very weak. These interactions happen only for a short period. They bind and then unbind right away. This interaction consists of two induced dipoles.
A charge separation emerging transiently due to electron motions in one group may induce a dipole in another group (always attractive).

Why are hydrophobic compounds in an energetically (entropically) disadvantageous state?

Hydrophobic compounds are entropically in a disadvantageous state because it is highly ordered, because of the bindings to water.

What happens with hydrophobic compounds?

Hydrophobic compounds are excluded from water. They are forced together in order to minimize water contacts.

What are binding energies?

Binding energy is the energy that is released when an interaction is established.

What happens to the binding energies of a specific molecule after a while?

The binding energies of a specific molecule become less. It is the inner energy that is released and energy cannot be generated.

What is a ligand?

A ligand is a smaller molecule that binds to a larger one.

What is the binding affinity?

The binding affinity is the strength of the molecular interaction.

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

A nucleoside is a nucleotide with added phosphates.

Is ATP a nucleotide or nucleoside?

ATP is a nucleutide.

What are the functions of nucleotides in a cell?

  • Combine with other groups to form coenzymes
  • Derivatives are used as signaling molecules in the cell
  • High group transfer potential and can activate other molecules by phosphorylation

Why is ATP called the energy currency of a cell?

ATP synthesis is a highly endergonic reaction, it also mediates phosphorylation. ATP mediated phosphorylation is often regarded as equivalent to energy transfer, a lot of cellular reactions are driven by ATP phosphorylation so ATP is called the energy currency of the cell.

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