The Synapse
26 important questions on The Synapse
What year and method proved that the synapse existed?
Most synapses occur between neurons. However, where do the other kind of neurons form? What junction is this called? What does this allow?
These cause muscles to contract and allow us to move.
What disease affects the neurons located in the spinal cord? What does this disease do?
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Where are neurotransmitters made? How are they transported to the pre-synaptic terminal?
When an action potential arrives along the synapse, what ion channels open?
What ions cause the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse? How do they do this?
Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are composed of two parts. What are these parts?
The other part is an ion channel
Where are inhibitory neurotransmitters released and what kind of receptors do they bind to?
Following their release, what needs to happen to neurotransmitters? What happens when this does not happen?
If this does not happen, prolonged activation can occur which can cause strokes. E.g. not deactivating the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, means that your muscles are always activated = you cannot control your muslces = paralyses
What neurotransmitter is used at the neuro-muscular junction?
What is a side effect of levo-dopa?
What do psychoactive drugs do?
What are toxins/drugs that block/poison ion channels called?
What are toxins/drugs that mimic neurotransmitters called? Give two examples.
E.g. LSD and psilocybe mimic the effect of serotonin
Why do people become addicted to drugs?
What are the four lobes in the cerebral hemispheres? What are their functions?
Parietal lobe: touch, balance and movement
Temporal lobe: hearing, speech comprehension, memory and visual recognition
Frontal lobe: movement, thinking and planning
What is the Basil Ganglia important for?
What is the Limbic System important for?
What does caudal and prosterior mean?
What are the cracks called in the brain's folded surface called?
What are spinal nerves part of and what is their function?
What does the hindbrain control and what is its most distinctive structure?
Cerebellum
What are the components of the midbrain and where are they located?
- The motor component, the tengmentum is ventral
What difficulties arise when people have deficits in one of the four brain lobes?
- occipital lobe = deficits in visual processing
- parietal lobe = deficits in identifying or locating stimulation on the skin
- temporal lobe = difficulties in recognising sounds and sometimes processing complex visual information e.g faces
- frontal lobe = difficulties organising behaviour and planning for the future
What are the principle structures of the limbic system?
Amygdala
Temporal lobe
Limbic cortex
Where are the olfactory bulbs located?
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