Summary: Biologische Cognitie I- Shannon's Samenvatting

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• 2 Hoofdstuk 2 - Neurons

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• What is a neuron and how do Neurons receive information?

  A neuron is a type of cell that makes up the nervous system and supports other things, such as cognitive functions.
  
  Neurons receive information from other neurons, and they make a decision about this neuron by changing their own activity that can be passed by other neurons.

• What are the three components of a neuron and how does the information travel through the neuron?

  A cell body, a dendrite and an axon.
  
  The track of a nerve impulse goes from the cell body past the myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier to the axon and ends up at the terminal buttons. This is called the track of nerve impulse

• What functions do proteins have and what extends from a cell body?

  Proteins serve a wide variety of functions from providing scaffolding to chemical signalling acting as neurotransmitters and receptors in neurons.
  
  From the cell body, structures called dendrites branch out and enable communication with other neurons.

• What do the dendrites do and can the number and structure vary?

  Dendrites are branching structures that carry information from other neurons. They receive information from other neurons in close proximity.
  
  The number and structure of the dendritic branches can vary significantly depending on the type of neuron.  

• What is the axon responsible for and what's the name for the divion of axon branches

  The axon is a branching structure that carries information to other neurons and transmits an action perception.
  
  Each neuron has a single axon, yet the axon can be divided into branches called collatorals.

• What is the synapse, and what are the two neurons forming the synapse referred to?

  A synaps is the small gap between the neurons in which neurotransmitters are released which permits signalling between neurons.
  
  The two neurons are referred to as the presynaptic (before) and postsynaptic (after) neuron, reflecting the direction of information flow. (From axon to dendrite.

• What are the chemicals released in the synaptic cleft and what else are released except for these chemicals?

  The chemicals released into the synaptic gap are called neurotransmitters. 
  
  Except for chemical signals called neurotransmitters sometimes electric signals are sent.

• What are neurotransmitters and what do they bind to?

  Neurotransmitters are chemical signals that are released by one neuron and affect the properties of other neurons.
  
  Neurotransmitters bind to the receptors on the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron and create a synaptic potential. 

• How is the synaptic conducted, and what does it form the basis of?

  Synaptic potential is passively, it does not create an action potential. It goes through the dendrites and soma of the postsynaptic neuron.
  
  The passive synaptic potential current forms the basis of EEG.    

• How do the passive currents that form an EEG work and are there many?

  The passive currents summed together and if their summed activity exceeds a certain threshold when they reach the beginnings of the axon at the postsynaptic neuron, than an action potential will be triggers in this neuron. 
  
  Each post synaptic neuron sums together many synaptic potentials generated at many different and distant dendritic sites.