VI - Subcortex
13 important questions on VI - Subcortex
Where does the basal ganglia lie, and what are they involved in?
They surround and overhang the thalamus.
They are involved with motor activity, programming and terminating of action. (Skill and reward learning)
What are the main structures of basal ganglia, and what are disorders of the basal ganglia characterized as?
- the caudate nucleus,
- the putamen
- globus pallidus.
Disorders of the basal ganglia can be characterized as:
hypokinetic (povery of movement) or
hyperkenetic movements (excess of movement)
How does the caudate nucleus work in the basal ganglia, and what are examples of hypo/hyperkinetic movement?
Examples of hypok/hyperkinetic movement is Parkinson and Huntington's disease.
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What is the amygdala implicated in and where do the amygdala and hippocampus lie?
Both the amygdala and hippocampus lie buried in the temporal lobes of each hemisphere.
Where do the mammilary bodies lie and what is their function?
Why is the olfactory bulb connected to the limbic system, and where do the olfactory bulbs lie?
Their connection to the limbic system underscore the importance of smell for detecting environmentally salient stimuli and its influence on mood and memory.
What do tumors in the hypothalamus cause?
Which two grey matter structures belong in the midbrain and what do they provide?
They are older pathways different form the main cortical sensory pathways. They provide a fast route that enables rapid orienting to sensory stimuli before it is conciously processed.
- The superior colliculli processes vision, hearing and touch.
- The interior colliculli processes auditory processing.
What other region does the midbrain have and what does cell loss in this region cause?
Cell loss in this region is associated with symptoms of Parkinson.
Where is the cerebellum attached to and what is it important for?
It's important for dexterity and smooth execution of movement.
How does the cerebellum create dexterity and movement and what happens when there's unilater lesions in the cerebellum?
Unilateral lesions to the cerebellum result in poor coordination in the same side oof the body.
What does bilateral lesions to the cerebellum cause and what is the pons?
The pons is a key link between the cerebellum and cerebrum.
What does the pons do and what portrudes from the pons and merges with the spinal cord?
The medullate oblongata protrudes from the pons and merges with the spinal cord. It regulates vital functions such as breathing, swallowing heart rate and wake-sleep cycle.
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