Auditieve waarneming - From ear to brain

5 important questions on Auditieve waarneming - From ear to brain

What are the components of the outer ear and its function?

The outer ear contains the pinna/earlobes and the auditory canal.

Reflections of the sound wave within the folds of the pinna and within the auditory canal cam amplify certain sounds and are important for locating a sound source.

What are the components of the middle ear and its function?

Converts airborne vibrations to liquid-borne vibrations with minimal loss of energy.

The middle ear  consists of a series of three tiny bones (malleus/hammer, incus/anvil and stapes/stirup) these transfers the mechanical pressure on the eardrum, at the end of the airborne auditory canal, to a smaller membrane called the ovel window, in the fluid-filled cochloea.

What are the components of the inner ear and its function?

The inner ear contains chambers that are both important for the senses of hearing (the cochlea) and balance (the semicircular canals).

The cochlea converts liquid-borne sound into neural impulses. A membrane in the cochlea, termed the basilar membrane, contains tiny hair cells linked to receptors.

The end nearest the oval window is narrower and stiffer and shows a maximal deflection to high-frequency sounds. The end nearest to the center of its spiral shape is wider and more elastic and shows a maximal deflection to low-frequency sounds.
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What are the components of the primary auditory cortex and its function?

It is located in Heschl's gyrus in the temporal lobes and its surrounded by adjacent secondary cortical areas called 'the belt' and 'the parabelt regions'.

These secondary regions also receive some input from the medial geniculate nucleus and damage does not produce full deafness.

What is a tonotopic organization?

Neurons within the auditory nerve respond maximally to certain sound frequencies more than others.

The nerve bundle is orderly such that neurons responding to higher frequencies are located on the periphery and those responding to lower frequencies more centrally.

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