Geheugen - Short-Term and Working Memory

10 important questions on Geheugen - Short-Term and Working Memory

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

Refers to information that is stored; it need not be presently accessed or even consciously accessible. The long-term store is considered to have essentially unlimited capacity within the inherent confounds of the brain.

What is articulatory suppression?

Span is reduced if participants are asked to silently mouth irrelevant speech while encoding a list.

What are the two components of span tasks?

1. Phonological store
2. A rehearsal mechanism based on subvocal articulation that refreshes the store
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What is the neural basis of visuo-spatial STM?

Holding in mind an object, over a delay period, involves sustaining activity in regions of the brain involved in object perception.

What is the concept of working memory?

Essentially its an extension of short-term memory. The key difference is that working memory emphasize a wider role in cognition, whereas short-term memory is often taken to imply a more passive retention of material.

What are the four components of the working memory model?

1. The phonological consists of a limited-capacity phonological store, together with a mechanism for refreshing it.
2. A comparable system is postulated in the visual domain and termed the visuospatial sketchpad.
3. The episodic buffer maintains and manipulates information from episodic long-term memory
4. The central executive coördinates the other three (slave systems) and cognition in general

Propose that information gets transferred or copied into a seperate dedicated systeem which may then be acted on by an executive system.

What are the challanges of the model?

To explain where capacity limitations comes from in the first place.

This is not a problem for traditional models, because capacity limitation is an intrinsic property of short term stores.

Which part of the brain plays a crucial role in working memory?

The prefrontal cortex within the frontal lobes and the posterior cortex.

What is a hierarchical model of working memory?

The dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions should be distinguished by the fact that they are engaged in different types of process and not that they are specialized for different types of material.

In this model, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is responsible for activating, retrieving and maintaining information held in the posterior cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal region is responsible when the information held within this system requires active manipulation.

What is the self-ordered pointing tasks (linked with prefrontal lesions)?

The patients are presented with an array of eight words or pictures and require to pick every trial another one.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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