Development in animals
21 important questions on Development in animals
Wich model organisms are used to study development?
Mammal development
The developmental events in the life cycle are:
sperm and egg
fertilization (zygote)
cleavage (blastula)
gastrulation (gastrula)
organogenesis (tail-bud embryo)
larval stages
and than again adult frog
What is acrosomal reaction?
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How does the egg/spermcell prevent polyspermy?
2 fusion of egg and sperm als initiates the cortical reaction. froming a fertilization envelope a slow block to polyspermy.
If the Ca2+ rises in the cytosol what does it increase?
How works the ferilization in mammals?
the sperm binding triggers a crorical reaction.
the first cell division occurs 12-36 hours after sperm binding in mammals.
What are the three embryonic germ layers?
endoderm: lines the digestive tract
mesoderm: partly fills the space between the endoderm and ectoderm
What does the ectoderm form? (outer layer of embryo)
nervous and sensory systems
pituitary gland, adrenal medulla
jaws and teeth
germ cells
What does the mesoderm form? (middle layer of embryo)
circulatory and lymphatic systems
excretory and reproductive systems (except germ cells)
dermis of skin
adrenal cortex
What does the endoderm from (inner layer of embryo)
epithelial lining of respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts and ducts
thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
What is inner cell mass?
What is a epiblast and hypoblast?
What is a trophoblast?
What is the extraembryonic membranes?
What is a amniotes?
What is convergent extension?
What is fate maps?
What is axis formation?
Which possible circumstances are involved in axis-formation?
PH differences (between the two sides of the blastoderm establish the dorsal-ventral axis
in mammals ORENTATION OF THE EGG AND SPERM NUCLEI (before fusion may help establish embryonic axes).
What is pattern formation?
What is positional information?
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