Energy and life
16 important questions on Energy and life
What is a catabolic pathway?
What is an anabolic pathway?
examples synthesis of amino acids or synthesis of protein.
What is kinetic energy?
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What is thermal energy?
What is a spontaneous process?
What is an exergonic reaction?
What is an endergonic reaction?
Which three kinds of main works does a cell?
transport work: pumping substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement.
mechanical work: contraction of muscle cells, and the movement of chromosomes during cellular reproduction.
What is energy coupling?
How is ATP regenerated?
-free energy required to phosphorylated ADP come from exergonic breakdown reaction in the cell.
-ATP cycle: shuttling of inorganic phosphate and energy, it couples the cell's energy yielding (exergonix) processes to the energy consuming (endergonix) ones.
-catabolic pathways (cellularrespiration) provide the energy for the endergonix process of making ATP.
How does an enzyme lowering the Ea barrier?
How works the catalysis in the enzyme's active site?
- an enzyme can catalyze either the forward or the reverse reaction, depending on which direction has a negative delta G.
Which mechanisms that lower activation energy (Ea) and speed up reaction uses enzymes?
-straining substrate bonds
-providing a favorable micro-environment
-covalently bonding to the substrate.
Which local conditions have effect on enzyme's activity?
chemicals that specifically influence the enzyme
How does regulation of enzyme's activity helps control metabolism?
How works allosteric inhibition an activation?
-the binding of an activator stabilizes the active form of the enzyme.
-the binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme.
-cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplfy enzyme activity.
- one substrate molecule primes an enzyme to act on additional substrate molecules more readily.
-cooperativity is allosteric because binding by a substrate to one active site affects catalysis in a different active site.
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