Hematology (JJ Schuringa)
8 important questions on Hematology (JJ Schuringa)
What is the difference between pluripotent and multipotent stem cells?
Multipotent stem cells are adult stem cells and located in the brain, heart and bone marrow -> neural cells, cardiac muscle, blood cells.
Cancer incidences vary dramatically between subtypes, how can this be explained?
This is explained by the number of stem cell divisions, aka "bad luck".
What are growth factors and growth factor receptors?
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What is a mitogen?
Platelets produce PDGF, what is this?
It is a chemoattractant for fibroblasts, essential for blood clotting.
The EGF receptor functions as a tyrosine kinase, what is this?
In biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation. The opposite, an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from targets, is known as a phosphatase.
Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer.
All receptor tyrosine kinases have their own set of ligands, many of these receptor-ligand pairs cannot be found in single cell eukaryotes, but already present in?
→ invented just before metozoan life emerged
An altered growth factor receptor can function as an oncoprotein, what is the result of a cKIT receptor mutation?
Deregulation of c-Kit, including overexpression and gain of function mutations, has been detected in several human cancers.
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