The movement of water and solutes in plants
18 important questions on The movement of water and solutes in plants
why doe plants loose lots of water
in order to get maxiumum photosynthesis there must be maximum surface thus more evaporation and for carbond dioxide to enter the plant it has to got into the solution and when water is exposed to unsaturated air evaporation occurs
Why is transpiration sometimes called: an unavoidable evil?
Because the loss of water can cause injury or death to the plant due to dehydration.
What does the opening and closing of the stomata control?
The gas exchanges across the leaf surface
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How comes that withg closed stomata, in the pressence of light, the plant is still able to maintain a very low level of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration.
What causes stomatal opening to occure
the accumulation of solutes in the guard cells, after which osmosis causes water to move into the cell.
What does abscisic acid (ABA) cause?
It causes stomata to close
How is watter transported through the plant? pulled or pushed?
Water is pulled tot the top of plants
Why are Cavitation (and the subsequent embolism) the bane of the Cohesion-tension mechanism?
Because air filled xylem conduits cannort conduct water.
Why are pitmembranes very impartant to the saftey of water transport?
because they prevent the air bubble to move from embolised tracheary to functional tracheary
describe the route wich water takes from the soil to center of the root
from the root hairs water moves through the cortex through the endodermis into the vascular cylinder
Name the Three possible pathways for water to follow
1 Apoplastic (via the cell walls)
2 Symplastic (from protoplast to protoplast via plasmodesmata)
3 Transcellular ( from cell to cell, passing from vacuole to vacuole)
How is root pressure created?
By secretion of more ions into the xylem, creating a more negative water potential and water moves in by osmosis.
What is hydraulic lift?
Water taken up at night by deep roots located in moist soil regions which is transferred to dry soil regions via shallower roots
name the two active, carrier-mediated membrane events required for ion transport from the soil to the vessels of xylem
1 uptake at the plasma membrane of the epidermal cells
2 secretion into the vessels at the plasma membrane of the parenchyma cells bordering the vessels.
What is transported by the xylem and what by phloem?
Xylem: Inorganic solutes and water in the transpiration stream
Phloem: Sugars in the assimilate stream
Pressure-flow hypothesis asserst what?
That assimilate are tranported from sources to sinks along a gradient of turgor pressure developed osmotically
How is the proton gradient gnereated to drive the apoplastic loading of sucrose?
by a proton pump at the expense of ATP
In what sinks is the unloading from phloem apoplastic and in which symplastic?
symplastic: growing vergative sinks, such as young leaves and roots
apoplastic: the others
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