Skin and blood sugar
13 important questions on Skin and blood sugar
What does homeostasis control?
- The amount of water in the body
- The amount of ions in the body
- The blood sugar level
- The body temperature
What is the structure of the skin top to bottom?
- hair- insulation
- epidermis- dead protects
- dermis- protects (nerves and blood vessels)
- hair erector muscle-moves hair
- temperature receptor- responds to temp
- sweat gland - produces sweat
- blood vessels- temperature control
- fat layer- insulation
Body regulation on hot day?
- vasodilation of blood vessels
- evaporation of sweat
- hairs relaxed
- no shivering
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Body regulation on a cold day?
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
- no swear
- shiver
- hairs stand on end to trap layer of air
How does vasodilation/constriction work?
- When hot- capillaries dilate so warm blood flows close to skin surface and heat is lost by radiation
- When cold- capillaries constrict so less blood flows close to skin and less heat is lost by radiation
How does sweating work to cool body down?
- sweat (salt and water) is released on to the skin surface
- It evaporates
- heat is lost by convection
How does shivering work?
- Very fast involuntary muscle contractions
- lots of respiration taking place and heat energy is released
How is body hair involved in temperature regulation?
- When cold hair erector muscles contract
- this traps a layer of air next to surface
- air is good insulator
How is blood sugar level controlled by the endocrine system?
- Carbohydrate is digested to glucose
- blood sugar rises above normal
- pancreas secretes insulin hormone (lowers blood sugar)
- Insulin travels in the blood to the liver
- liver turns glucose to glycogen (animal starch)
- blood sugar level returns to normal
- insulin production is 'switched off' (negative feedback)
Blood sugar after fasting or exercise?
- Glucose is burnt up in respiration
- blood sugar falls below normal
- pancreas secretes glucagon hormone
- glucagon travels in the blood to the liver
- liver turns glycogen into glucose
- blood sugar rises back to normal
- glucagon production is 'switched off" (negative feedback)
What is hyper and hypoglycaemia?
hypo- blood sugar low
What are the different treatments?
- Diabetics have to prick their finger and a small machine gives them a digital read out of their blood sugar
- some have to inject insulin
- some have to watch what they eat
Symptoms and risks of diabetes?
- tiredness
- thirst
- frequent urination
- weight loss
- blindness
- limb amputation
- sugar in urine
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