Energy Losses

21 important questions on Energy Losses

Food chain terminology

Lettuce (primary producer)--> Snail(primary consumer) --> Blackbird (secondary consumer) --> cat (apex)

What energy from the sun doesn't get used up for PSS?(4)

  1. Some passes straight through the leaf
  2. some warms the leaf
  3. some is reflected (green light)
  4. Some hits parts that don't photosynthesise

How is energy lost when a lion eats a Zebra? (4)

  1. The lion doesn't eat the whole zebra
  2. some parts don't get digested
  3. while alive the zebra lost some of the energy in faeces and urine
  4. While alive the zebra released energy by respiration and used it for movement, maintaining its body temperature, producing and secreting new substances, active transport, growth
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How much energy available is usually passed on to the next stage?

10%

What is the equation for ecological efficiency?

Ecological efficiency= amount of energy passed on
                                        ----------------------------------------------            x100%
                            amount of energy available at last stage

What happens to the animal under intensive farmer techniques?(5)

  1. put weight on faster
  2. reach marketable size faster
  3. more profit
  4. more energy goes into egg production
  5. more eggs

How does a farmer reduce energy losses?

Keep animals indoors, in a confined space

What are the advantages of free range eggs? (8)

  1. more humane
  2. natural food sources
  3. happy hens that live a long life
  4. can dust bathe
  5. can perch
  6. can find nest
  7. no machinery
  8. less debeaking

What are the advantages of Intensive eggs? (7)

  1. More eggs
  2. Cheaper
  3. More efficient
  4. Less land
  5. No predators
  6. More profit
  7. No energy wasted

Why do we need to conserve fish stocks?

Overfishing- fished are being caught at a faster rate than reproduction

How can the government ensure sustainable fishing?

  1. Introduce fishing quotas
  2. Minimum mesh size so young generation can escape.

Why are food miles bad?

Fossil fuels are burnt in the transportation causing pollution issues and adding to the greenhouse effect

What are the reasons for food miles?

Globalisation of trade and consumer demand to eat food out of season.

What is food security?

Having enough food to feed a population

What factors can affect food security? (5)

  1. An increasing birth rate
  2. new pests affecting crops/farm animals
  3. cost of agricultural supplies
  4. export of food from poorer countries
  5. climate change

What is a waste product of mycoprotein?

Starch solution converted into a cheap sugar syrup using the amylase enzyme.

How is mycoprotein produced?

  1. With a good oxygen supply it grows and reproduces rapidly doubling its mass every five hours
  2. It is harvested and purified from the fermenter.
  3. It is then dried and processed to become a mycoprotein.
  4. It is pale yellow with a faint taste of mushrooms.

How does mycoprotein become quorn?

It can be textured and flavoured to resemble meat and fish.

What organisms are responsible for decay?

Bacteria, Fungi and Decomposers

How do microbes get glucose from the thing they are decaying for respiration?

They release extracellular enzymes onto them to break them down and absorb the glucose.

What are 3 conditions needed for decay to occur

  1. Warm- microbes multiply in warm conditions
  2. Moist- microbes multiply in moist conditions
  3. Oxygen- microbes need oxygen for respiration

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