Summary: Biology Test #2

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• Bio Test #2

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• Smallest and simplest unit of life-internal structures enable this to function as an efficient and well-coordinated unit-have many different shapes, sizes, life strategies, and behaviors

  Cell

• A unifying principle of biologyBased on two concepts: -every living organism is composed of one or more cells-all cells living today came from a preexisting cell

  Cell Theory

• A cell is composed of an aqueous interior enclosed in a lipid-based called....Every cell has one that separates the cell from its surrounding environment.It functions to:   -Control what enters and leaves   -Facilitate chemical processes by concentrating the needed raw materials in a limited space   -communicates with other cells and environment    -anchor cell in place

  Plasma Membrane

• Contains a thick fluid called CYTOSOL, consisting of ions and biomolecules mixed in water

  Cytoplasm

• A cytoplasmic structure with a membrane, that performs a unique function in the cell

  Organelle

• Contains the DNA enveloped in double membranes-contains the DNA required for building, managing, growing and reproducing all cells

  Nucleus

• These are important protein, manufacturing structures (without membranes, not an organelle)

  Ribosomes

• -No membrane-bound organelles*-generally single-called organisms-tough cell wall outside the plasma membrane-slippery, protective layer called a capsule-unicellular/colonial, but very small

  Prokaryotes

• -membrane-bound organelles       (create compartments that confer speed & efficiency through               intracellular division of labor)-may be unicellular, colonial, multicellular but large size rage

  Eukaryotes

• Proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are responsible for the diverse functions carried out by plasma membrane and include...:

  -Transport proteins
  -Receptor proteins
  -Adhesion proteins