Summary: Biology

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• 1.1 paragraph 1

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• Why are plants more difficult to chew?

  Because plant cells are surrounded by tough cell walls.

• Name the 3 different molars and tell which one belongs to which group of animals.

  1. Ridged molars - herbivores 
  2. Carnassial molars - carnivores
  3. Bunodont molars - omnivores

• What is a carnivore?

  An animal who eats meat and other animal food products.

• Why is meat easy to chew?

  Meat consists of animal cells without cell walls which makes it easier to chew.

• Why have many herbivores their stomachs divided up into compartments with different functions?

  Because vegetarian food is hard to digest due to the tough cell walls. Digesting is only possible if food stays in the digestive system for a long period of time.

• What do cows do when ruminating?

  The partially digested grass from the rumen is regurgitated back into its mouth.

• Why do carnivores need to put more effort into obtaining their food than herbivores?

  Because a herbivore's meal does not run away. A carnivorous fox first needs to get hold of its food, a rabbit for instance.

• Why do animals need energy?

  They need energy to move, to stay warm, and to produce new cells.

• What does an energy balance do?

  It shows how much energy an animal takes in and burns up.

• Plants produce glucose, with the aid of minerals they can synthesise other nutrients. Give 4 other nutrients and what they are for:

  1. Starch, a storage substance for plants.
  2. Fats, a type of reserve food.
  3. Proteins, building compounds.
  4. Vitamins, protective substances.