Hunger, Eating and Health - Physiological research on Hunger and Satiety - Myth of Hypothalamic Hunger and Satiety Centers
6 important questions on Hunger, Eating and Health - Physiological research on Hunger and Satiety - Myth of Hypothalamic Hunger and Satiety Centers
Which two regions in the hyopthalamus are involved in eating behavior?
What do they control?
1. VMH (ventromedial hypothalamus): Satiety.
2. LH (lateral hypothalamus): Hunger/feeding.
How were the eating behavior functions of the LH and VMH discovered?
1. VMH: When a VMH-lesion was administered in rats, they started eating excessively and became very fast obese. This is also called hyperphagia.
2. LH: If the same legion was administered in rats in the LH, it produced aphagia. This means they have a complete cessation of eating.
What are the two phases of the VMH syndrome?
1. dynamic phase; a few weeks of gross excessive eating.
2. static phase; consumption gradually declines and a stable level of obesity is reached. The interesting aspect is the fact that if they are forced to eat more/less after this phase... they will do and gain/loose weight, but once they can decide for themselves... they will go back to their stable weight they had.
Also, these rats did not do any effort to eat and only palatable food was preferred. This is an consequence of the obesity, not the lesion.
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I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
What are two important features of the LH-syndrome?
1. Aphagia is accompanied by adipsia - complete cessation of drinking.
2. LH-resioned rats partially recover is they are kept alive by tube feeding. They will also start eating a bit again.
There are two lines of evidence that the VMH is a regulator of energy metabolism rather than regulation of eating. What are these two lines of evidence?
1. VMH-lesions increase blood insulin levels, which will increase lipogenesis and decrease lipolysis. Because the calories are converted to fat at a high rate, rats will have to eat more to ensure enough calories in their blood to meet their immediate energy requirements.
2. It was discovered that the VMH lesions also damaged a large fiber bundle nearby; the ventral noradrenergic bundle, and also fibers projecting from the paraventricular nuclei were damages.
Bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle also showed hyperphagia and obesity...
What is the evidence against the fact that LH is a feeding/hunger centrum?
They discovered that LH lesions provide a wide range of severe motor disturbances, not wanting to drink and eat are just two examples.
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