Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing, Touch, Smell, Taste and Attention - Auditory System
10 important questions on Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing, Touch, Smell, Taste and Attention - Auditory System
Of what five layers of neurons is the retina constructed?
1. Receptors (rod and cone receptors)
2. Horizontal cells
3. Bipolar cells
4. Amacrine cells
5. Retinal ganglion cells
Which cells communicate via lateral communication?
Amacrine cells and horizontal cells
How does light travels from the retina into the optic nerve?
It will first come across the four layers before light reaches the receptors; then the light will travel back to the retinal ganglion cells. From the retinal ganglion cells it will go the optic nerve/blind spot
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Incoming light is thus distorted by the retinal tissue through which it must pass before reaching the receptors. How is this problem solved?
The fovea is an small spot in the retina where the retinal ganglion cells layer is thinned out; therefore distortion of incoming light is reduced. The fovea is specialized for high-acuity vision.
What is the function of the blind spot?
This is the place where light travels through to reach the optic nerve. Due to completion of images, the visual system uses information provided by receptors around the blind spot to fill the gap of retinal images.
How is 'completion' a fundamental visual system?
The visual system extracts key information about an object that you see - rather than the complete image is sent to your retina. Most information is about the edges and location of an object, and in the cortex a perception of the entire object is made.
What is surface interpolation?
The process by which we perceive large surfaces - the visual system mostly extracts information about edges.
What three different kinds of movement does the eye make constantly?
1. Tremors
2. Drifts
3. Saccades (small jerky movements)
What is visual transduction?
The conversion of light to neural signals by the visual receptors.
What is the function of rhodopsin?
Rhodopsin absorbs light from different wavelengths and is active at night - as a consequence we are more sensitive towards specific wavelengths.
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