Summary: Bpe21306 Reader 2024

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• 1 1 Kinetics and stoichiometry Introduction

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• How are models for production and consumption rates categorized in biochemical engineering?

  Two primary categories exist:
  

  1. Atom balances - describe the reaction stoichiometry.
  2. Rate equations - indicate production rates of cells or reaction rates of limiting reactants/products.

  Models require combining atom balances with rate equations for complete rate determination.

• What units should be used when expressing quantities for atom balances in biochemical engineering?

  For atom balances, express all quantities in:
  

  1. Moles (not kilograms).
  2. Cmoles for carbon-containing components (e.g., glucose = 6 Cmoles).
  3. Normal moles for components like oxygen and water.

• What is necessary to establish atom balances regarding cell mass composition?

  Knowledge of the produced cell mass composition is essential. To determine this, you need to:
  

  1. Take a sample and centrifuge it.
  2. Dry the cell pellet.
  3. Combust portions to measure ash content and other combustion products (carbon dioxide, water, nitrous oxides).

• How can the organic dry cell mass composition be expressed after analysis?

  Following analysis, represent the organic dry cell mass composition as:
  

  1. CH_aO_bN_c
  2. Additionally, for rough estimates, use the formula: CH₂O_0.5N_0.2.

• What atoms can be neglected in atom balance analysis due to their small quantities?

  You can simplify the analysis by neglecting:
  

  1. Phosphorous
  2. Sulphur
  3. Other less significant atoms compared to C, H, O, and N.

• What is the total mass value for *cell mass* and how is it measured?

  The total mass for cell mass is:
  

  • 8 + 2.8 = 24.8 grams per Cmole
  • For convenience, you can use 25 grams per Cmole.
  • Cell composition varies by cell type and cultivation conditions.

• Which type of material is referred to as *cell mass* in this context?

  In this context, cell mass refers specifically to:
  

  • dry organic cell material
  • The term excludes consideration of ash.

• How are the *production rates* distinguished in this text?

  The text distinguishes three categories of production rates:
  

  • Related to reactants and products
  • Noting negative numbers for reactants.

• What is an example of a cell reaction involving *sugar*, *ammonia*, and *oxygen*?

  An example involves a cell that converts:
  

  • sugar, ammonia, and oxygen
  • into cell mass, carbon dioxide, and water.

• What symbol is used in the study for representing volumetric *production rates*?

  The symbol used in this study represents:
  

  • volumetric production rates
  • Defined differently for reactants and products.