Summary: Brain In Trouble
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Etiology of brain disorders
This is a preview. There are 4 more flashcards available for chapter 01/10/2015
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What is the problem with most brain disorders?
They are very complex, multifactorial disorders -
What should etiological models for psychiatric diseases need to be?
Pluralistic or multilevel -
What is the problem with the nature vs nurture discussion?
Dichotomy should be broken down, but the brain should be viewed as in constant interaction with environment, society and culture. -
Why are more molecular abnormalities not more penetrant at behavorial level?
Multiple genes complementary/redundant effects
Risk genes are not necessary sufficient to cause mental illness
Combination with environmental risk factors -
What are pre/perinatal risk factors?
Maternal stress
Maternal nutritional deficiency
Maternal use of tobacco
Birth complications
Perinatal nutritional deficiency
Maternal separation -
What is the circuit of the HPA axis?
Cortisol binds to glucocorticoid receptor
GR acts as transcription factor and can alter gene expression
GR in hypothalamus, hypophysis and hippocampus: negative feedback loop shuts down CRF loop -
What happens in early life stress with the HPA axis?
life long overactive(=less GR=less negative feedback to shut system down) -
how does parentl care influence the activity of the neural systems that regulate stress reactivity and cognition in offspring?
Through epigenetic regulation of gene expression -
Addiction is a brain disease
This is a preview. There are 22 more flashcards available for chapter 02/10/2015
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What are key characteristics of drug addiction?
A chronic disease process that develops into a relatively rigid pattern of behavior.
Compulsive use of a substance
High probability of relapse
Difficulty stopping -
What is the most harmful drug in our society? What was a substantial contributor to compiling the list?
Alcohol
Drug specific mortality and economic cost
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