Plant pathogen interaction: a fundamental concept
25 important questions on Plant pathogen interaction: a fundamental concept
What strategies do plants employ to deter consumption by organisms and to repair damage?
- They repair disrupted epidermis or bark and discourage attackers.
- Toxic compounds and wound/infection responses are part of plant defenses.
How do plants use light in their energy process?
- They synthesize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins using light.
What triggers the induced general defense in plants?
- These molecules are referred to as so-called Avr/r genes.
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What are the two types of general defense in plants mentioned in the text?
- Preformed defense is always ready, while induced defense responds to specific threats.
What does the schematic representation in Figure 3 illustrate?
- General and cultivar-specific resistance is shown, along with their recognition mechanisms.
What function do PAMPs serve in plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi?
- Perceived by plant receptors, initiating a defense response.
What is PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)?
- Suggested to be an aspect of non-host resistance.
How have microbes adapted in response to PAMP-triggered immunity?
- Adapted pathogens can suppress PTI in their host species.
Why are most plants resistant to the majority of pathogens?
- Most plants can resist many pathogens due to this immunity.
How do adapted pathogens affect plant immunity?
- Interfere with defence or improve nutrient access
- Each effector targets specific plant molecules
What is the role of an effector molecule in plant pathogens?
- Involved in defence or nutrient transport
Why do plant pathogens show a high degree of specialization?
- Most can only infect very limited number of plant species
What does the organisation of plant defence to unadapted pathogens resemble?
- Triggered by non-specific factors like motion and PAMPs.
What are PAMPs and how do they function in plant defence?
- They trigger a basic compatibility immune response in plants.
What is considered when an organism can exploit a plant species?
What are the two levels of plant immune response as per the text?
- Basal host resistance in each individual member of species.
What happens when conidiospore of a powdery mildew fungus peaks on a leaf of barley?
What does barley produce as a reaction?
How does the barley successfully defend itself against the powdery mildew?
What is 'superimposed' on the basic compatibility of plant immune response?
What determines powdery mildew compatibility in barley?
- More successful than other compatibility forms.
What can enhance powdery mildew infection in certain barley genotypes?
- Results in rapid necrosis of attacked plant cell.
What is PAMP-triggered immunity?
- It involves preformed and inducible toxicity and defence reactions.
How do pathogens overcome PAMP-triggered immunity?
- Through the capacity to break down defense chemicals and suppress defense induction.
What is referred to as effector-triggered immunity?
- Illustrated in Figure 4, right side of the document.
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