Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases - Airborne pathogens

5 important questions on Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases - Airborne pathogens

Explain the role of isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculosis. What challenges arise with isoniazid, and how does isoniazid resistance develop?

Isoniazid is a growth factor analog that disrupts the synthesis of mycolic acids in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, making the cells more susceptible to antibiotics. However, resistance to isoniazid can develop, especially in strains that form biofilms in pulmonary tissues.

Describe the role of biofilm formation in isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. How does the compound C10 address this issue, and what are the observed effects of combining C10 with isoniazid?

Biofilm formation in M. tuberculosis contributes to isoniazid resistance. C10 inhibits biofilm formation, and when combined with even low concentrations of isoniazid, it effectively kills the bacteria. This combination also demonstrates the reversal of isoniazid resistance.

Elaborate on the potential impact of the C10/isoniazid combination in the treatment of tuberculosis. What further steps are needed to assess its efficacy?

The combination of C10 and isoniazid holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment. Further tests in living systems are required to assess the efficacy of this combination in clinical settings.
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Discuss the challenges posed by airborne bacterial diseases. How do aerosols contribute to person-to-person transmission, and what factors affect the survival of airborne pathogens?

Airborne bacterial diseases pose challenges as they can range from mild upper respiratory infections to life-threatening diseases. Aerosols, generated by activities like sneezing and coughing, play a major role in person-to-person transmission. Factors affecting the survival of airborne pathogens include the type of microorganism and its ability to resist drying.

Explain the transmission of respiratory infections and distinguish between upper and lower respiratory infections. Why are lower respiratory infections often more serious, and what role does the human respiratory tract play in transmission?

Respiratory infections are transmitted through airborne particles and can affect the upper or lower respiratory tract. Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, are often more serious, especially in vulnerable individuals. The human respiratory tract's structure and the speed of air movement contribute to the distribution and severity of respiratory infections.

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