Vectorborne and soilborne bacterial and viral diseases - Lyme Disease and Borrelia

4 important questions on Vectorborne and soilborne bacterial and viral diseases - Lyme Disease and Borrelia

What is the causative agent of Lyme disease, and how is it primarily transmitted to humans?

Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted primarily by the tick Ixodes scapularis during a blood meal.

Describe the symptoms of Lyme disease during the acute stage. How is Lyme disease diagnosed, and what treatment options are available?

Acute Lyme disease symptoms include headache, backache, chills, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves clinical symptoms, immunological assays, and PCR assay. Treated with doxycycline or amoxicillin in the early stage.

Explain the progression of Lyme disease to the chronic stage. What are the complications associated with the chronic stage, and how is it treated?

Untreated Lyme disease may progress to the chronic stage, causing arthritis, neurological issues, and potential cardiac symptoms. Chronic symptoms may persist for weeks to months. Treatment involves intravenous ceftriaxone for neurological or cardiac symptoms.
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Identify the major reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi and the primary vectors involved in its transmission. Where is Lyme disease most commonly reported, and what are the preventive measures?

White-footed field mice are major reservoirs, and deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) are primary vectors. Most commonly reported in the Northeastern U.S. Preventive measures include avoiding ticks, using insect repellents, and body exams; however, there is no human vaccine.

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