Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing - Transcription in Bacteria
14 important questions on Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing - Transcription in Bacteria
What enzyme catalyzes transcription and forms phosphodiester bonds between the ribonucleotides?
Driven by energy released from the hydrolysis of two energy-rich phosphate bonds of the incoming ribonucleoside triphosphates.
How is the mechanism of RNA synthesis similar to that of DNA synthesis?
synthesized strand of RNA runs antiparallel to the DNA template strand it was transcribed from.
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Transcription continues until specific sequences called _________ ___________are reached, but unlike DNA replication, which copies the entire
genome, transcription occurs on much smaller units of DNA, often
as little as a single gene.
Five subunits of RNA polymerase and form the RNAP core enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis using DNA as template and ribonucleotide (rNTP) as substrate.
The core enzyme alone synthesizes RNA, and sigma functions only to recognize the appropriate site on the DNA for transcription to begin (sigma dissociates from the holoenzyme once
a short sequence of RNA has been formed). Once sigma dissociates, _____ is formed.
Why does transcription occur in opposite directions on the two different strands of DNA?
on one strand of DNA while other genes reside on the other strand of
DNA, promoters (initiation sites) are present on both strands.
2 highly conserved regions in the promoter that are upstream of (prior to) the transcription start site
- 10 bases upstream, the -10 region, or Pribnow box.
- TATAAT - 35 bases upstream of the start site
-TTGACA
Promoters that conform most closely to the consensus sequence and are effective in binding RNA polymerase.
Why is the presence or absence of a specific sigma factor is a mechanism for
regulating gene expression?
Segments of DNA that are transcribed into a single RNA molecule bounded by their initiation and termination sites
Three size classes of prokaryotic rRNA:
S = Svedberg unit
RNA polymerase proceeds through the operon and transcribes the entire set of genes into a single mRNA called _____. It contains multiple open reading frames.
Portions of the mRNA that actually encode amino acids
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