Phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria - Firmicutes: Nonsporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales

5 important questions on Phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria - Firmicutes: Nonsporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales

What are the distinguishing characteristics of Firmicutes in the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales?

Firmicutes in these orders include nonsporulating bacteria.

How do staphylococci tolerate harsh conditions, and what are the major species causing infections in humans?

Staphylococci can tolerate harsh conditions due to their ability to form biofilms and their resistant cell wall structure. The major species causing infections in humans are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus is more virulent and associated with various infections and antibiotic-resistant strains (MRSA) S. Aureus can cause a wide range of infections, while Staphylococcus epidermidis (nonpathogenic) is commonly associated with medical device infections.

Describe the unique characteristics of the genus Sarcina within the order Clostridiales.

Sarcina is an obligate anaerobe with catalase-negative characteristics. Its cells divide in three perpendicular planes, forming packets of eight or more cells. Sarcina species are extremely acid-tolerant.
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What is the significance of Sarcina ventriculi's cellulose layer, and where can Sarcina species be isolated from?

S. ventriculi's cellulose layer functions as a cementing material, holding together cell packets. Sarcina species can be isolated from soil, mud, feces, and stomach contents.

Explain why Sarcina ventriculi is unique in its ability to grow in the stomach of humans.

S. ventriculi is extremely acid-tolerant, enabling it to inhabit and grow in the stomach, particularly in individuals with certain gastrointestinal disorders like pyloric ulcerations. Rapid growth is observed in such pathological conditions.

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