Vectorborne and soilborne bacterial and viral diseases - Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika

8 important questions on Vectorborne and soilborne bacterial and viral diseases - Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika

What is the primary mode of transmission for arboviruses, and why are they also called arthropod-borne viruses?

Arboviruses are transmitted through the bite of infected arthropods (insects). They are called arthropod-borne viruses due to their characteristic mode of transmission.

Describe the symptoms and geographical incidence of yellow fever. How is yellow fever primarily prevented, and what is the role of isolation in its control?

Yellow fever symptoms include fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging. It is prevalent in tropical regions, and prevention involves vaccination, vector elimination, and isolation to prevent mosquito transmission.

Compare and contrast the transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures for dengue fever and Zika virus.

Both transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; dengue has severe cases progressing to hemorrhagic fever, while Zika is mild but linked to birth defects. Prevention involves vector control, personal protection, and limited vaccines.
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Explain the potential impact of Zika virus on pregnancy and the precautions advised for pregnant women.

Zika virus is linked to birth defects, especially microcephaly. Pregnant women are advised to take precautions to avoid mosquito bites during the entire pregnancy period.

Discuss the transmission, symptoms, and geographical distribution of Chikungunya disease. How does it differ from Zika in terms of transmission to the fetus?

Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with mild symptoms. Unlike Zika, there is no direct transmission from mother to fetus, and it is not associated with birth defects.

Identify the vector and reservoir for yellow fever and dengue viruses.

Yellow fever: Mosquito (Aedes spp.) vector and primate reservoir.
Dengue: Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) vector and human reservoir.

Contrast the procedures for preventing infection in yellow and dengue fevers.

Both yellow fever and dengue fever are spread by mosquitoes, so measures to prevent infection are similar. This includes wearing long sleeves and pants, using insect repellent, eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, and using mosquito nets. However, yellow fever can also be prevented with a vaccine, which is not available for dengue fever. It is important to consult healthcare professionals for specific preventive measures.

Why is Zika virus disease considered dangerous even though it rarely kills?

Zika virus disease is considered dangerous because it can lead to serious birth defects such as microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers. Additionally, it can cause neurological complications in adults such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. While it rarely results in death, the long-term consequences of Zika infection can have significant impacts on individuals and communities.

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