System Analysis and Design Methods
22 important questions on System Analysis and Design Methods
Give an example of a data flow diagram.
What are the stages in OO development? Explain shortly what they are about.
Object Oriented Design (OOD): process of translating or specifying a physical software structure that is composed of reusable components (objects) built from the object model defined in OOA.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP): process of creating programs using collections of self-sufficient objects with encapsulated data and behavior that interact with one another via messages.
Draw the fountain model. And explain it.
It has overlapping stages.
The description of the problem keeps in mind the possible solution (analysis and design is mixed here).
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What is the Object-Oriented Development Life Cycle?
What is the Unified Modeling Language (UML)?
What are the stages in UML?
- Object-oriented domain analysis: decomposition of the problem domain in concepts, attributes and associations
- System design: transforming functional requirements into working system
- Implementation: producing the code
What are the UML model views? And what are they for?
Statechart diagrams: for dynamic behaviour: possible life histories of an object
Use case diagrams: for requirements
Class diagrams & Object diagrams: for static structure: kinds of objects and their relationships
Component diagrams & Deployment diagrams: for physical implementation structures: software modules and deployment on physical nodes
Note: you do not need to know the component and deployment diagrams.
What are the objectives of UML?
- Describe concepts (in business concepts not in system details) and principles of object-orientation
- Describe activities of the different phases of object-oriented development
- Develop dynamic models with state, interaction, and activity diagrams
- Model real-world applications with UML
What is a Use Case Model? And what does <<include>> and <<extend>> in the example of the use case model mean?
<<include>> means that both use cases need to include the use cases otherwise (good) execution is not possible
<<exclude>> means that the use case can be extended with the connected use cases
What is a conceptual model?
What are the features of a class diagram? Explain the difficult concepts.
- It encapsulated the attributes and operations
- It features polymorphism: same operation may apply to two or more classes in different ways
- It features inheritance: one class is a special case of another class
- It features aggregation and composition
What is an association, association role, and multiplicity?
An association role is the end of an association where it connects to a class
Multiplicity indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship
What is generalization? How do you show it in a class diagram?
There is an open arrow top pointing at the superclass.
What two types of superclasses exist?
Concrete: can have direct instances
How do you show aggregation and composition in a class diagram? Explain the concepts.
Composition with a filled diamond. A composition is an aggregation in which the part object belongs to only one aggregate object and lives and dies with the aggregate object.
What is dynamic modeling and what are the types of UML dynamic models? Explain them.
Types of UML dynamic models are:
- State diagram: state changes within an object (about one specific class)
- Sequence diagram: time-sequences interactions between objects (within one specific use case)
- Activity diagram: flow of control between activities within an object
A state diagram has a state, state transition and an event. Explain the three concepts and mention how it is shown in the diagram (if possible).
A state transition is the change in the attribute of an object or in the links an object has with other objects. It is shown as a solid arrow, diagrammed with a guard condition and action.
An event is something that takes place at a certain point in time, triggering a state transition.
What are interaction diagrams? Mention the two.
The two diagrams are sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams.
What is a sequence diagram? And what are its elements?
The elements are objects, lifeline, activation, and messages.
What is the purpose of a collaboration diagram?
What is an activity diagram? And what are its elements?
The elements are activities, transitions, branches, synchronization bar, and swimlines.
Note: Nowadays often BPMN models used.
How do you go from analysis to design and deployment?
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