Advanced Process and Resource Modelling
19 important questions on Advanced Process and Resource Modelling
Explain the different BPMN gateways. And draw them.
- Exclusive decision/XOR-split: you should take one branch
- Simple merge/XOR-join: proceed when one branch has completed
The parallel gateways (AND):
- Parallel split/AND-split: Take all branches
- Parallel join/AND-join: Proceed when all incoming branches have completed
The Inclusive gateways (OR):
- Inclusive decision/OR-split: Take one or several branches depending on conditions
- Inclusive merge/OR-join: Proceeds when all active incoming branches have completed
What is a refactored model?
What are the modelling guidelines about the top-level process?
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When should we decompose a process model into subprocesses?
Note: in 7PGM it is 50 elements
What is a shared sub-process? And how do you draw it?
How do you model repetition (in workflow nets and BPMN)?
In BPMN you use an arrow in a circle to model repetition. Also called an "Activity loop". You repeat until the repsonse is approved.
The difference is that the "activity loop" is structured, while the arbitrary cycles can be unstructured.
What is a multi-instance activity and how do you model it?
You can model it in BPMN with three thick vertical lines.
This is very useful when you need the same activity to be executed for multiple entities or data items.
Note: You can attach a note to the activity to say how often it needs to be done.
What is an ad-hoc sub-process?
Note: this can be used for example in a very early version of a process diagram when the order of execution is still unknown.
What is the difference between catching and throwing events?
In what case would you use a message event?
What is an event-based decision and what is the difference with a data-driven decision? Draw an event-driven XOR split.
In a event-based decision, the choise is delayed until an event happens. So the choice is based on a "race among events".
What are boundary events and how do you draw them?
There exist interrupting boundary and non-interrupting boundary events. A non-interrupting boundary event triggers a task or sub-process in parallel to the normal flow, so it does not interrupt the normal flow.
You draw these events with a double dashed border.
What is an event sub-process?
This is an alternative to putting a boundary non-interrupting event around the parent process.
You draw this as a loose subprocess (content is visible, and rectangle is dotted) in the main process. It does need a start event and an end event.
What is a terminate event? Also draw it.
A terminate end event forces the whole process to abort (it also "wipes off" all tokens left behind), it only aborts the (sub-)process it is in.
This is the simplest form of exception, it notifies that there is an exception (negative outcome).
You can also handle exceptions with boundary events. Explain and mention the three different types.
The different types are:
- Timeout: an activity takes too long and must be interrupted. Use timer event on boundary.
- External: something goes wrong outside the process, and the execution of the current activity must be interrupted. Use message event.
- Internal: something goes wrong inside an activity, whose execution must thus be interrupted. Use Error event.
The events have a double border.
Mention the two different error events and draw them.
- Intermediate error event: attached to the enclosing sub-process, this is where the process execution will continue after the error.
Explain the compensation handling event and draw it.
You trigger it by throwing an compensate event.
The compensation handler (which is triggered by a catching compensate event) performs the rollback.
Note: this may be used as part of an exception handling procedure
Note: only one compensate acitivity must be linked from a catching compensate event, via a directed association (so only one activity/sub-process can be compensated by one catching event)
What is the difference between a resource and a resource class?
A resource class is a set of resources with shared characteristics. This could be a role (skill, competence, classification) (classification is based on what a resource can do or is expected to do) or a group (department, team, office, organizational unit) (the classification is based upon the organization's structure).
What is the difference between lanes and pools?
A lane represents resource classes in the same organizational space and sharing common systems.
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