Technology and organization

12 important questions on Technology and organization

The revolution in distribution and production processes

differentiated itself from the previous phase of industrial change by the fact that volumes were significantly increased and the rate of change was much faster.

High labor intensive sectors

small- to medium-size plants
because technology meant the ability to refine of tine-tune the machinery used.

Entrepreneur make investments in tree correlated activities:

-          Building new plants at the minimum efficient scale
-          Integrating production and mass distribution
-          Growing and fine-tuning the management hierarchy operative in its central offices and functional departments
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Two considerations were decisive in determining cots and profits:

1.      The nature of the manufacturing capacity that was installed
2.      The quantity of raw material put into the manufacturing operations in a given amount of time
constant and elevated flow of material in the plant

Second Industrial Revolution means

the interconnection between innovations from different industries

Frederick W. Taylor

work should be divided into essential tasks, which became reality with the arrival of the assembly line for automobile production (FORD)

To achieve profitable economies of scale and scope

corporations need to integrate vertically, making a significant investment in distribution activities.

Disadvantages of US distribution system

1.      The vendors were not able to explain how the machine worked to a potential buyer, nor were they able to service and repair the machine.
2.      The vendors could not offer special payment terms to potential buyers.

Advantage to incorporate distribution internally

a constant flow of information regarding customers’ likes, preferences, and needs.

Managing complex businesses

* hiring and training mid-level managers
*  Decision- making: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting.

Before R&D, sales, finance and other modern departments

Line (executive acitivities) and staff (behinad the scenes) management

The modern industrial corporation, entrepreneurs....

invest in manufacturing plants, distribution systems, specialized workers and managerial organziation

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