Creating value with IT - Enterprise Architecture

17 important questions on Creating value with IT - Enterprise Architecture

What is the use of enterprise architecture?

Aids the transition from strategy to projects

Aids Management approaches, all need perspective
- governance
- portfolio management
- programme manegement
- project management     

Enterprise architecture helps with harmonising individual projects

In what way are enterprises changing?

- changing market
- mergers & acquisitions
- changing rules, formal & informal
- are becoming increasingly software-drive

Enterprises re complex, and therefor change is complex
Transformation involves
- those who pay for the transformation
- those who perform the transformation
- those impacted by the transformation

What exactly is Enterprise Architecture's value?

Managing a portfolio of projects efficiently is complicated. Need for agility, dependence on IT support, many stakeholders and other aspects.

Value is: ensuring the value of individual projects while managing:
- alignment with the strategy
- alignment across projects
- change

which requires having a global picture
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How was Enterprise Architecture founded?

Ross, Weil & Robertson coined the term in 2006
Their research showed that most companies lacked a solid foundation for execution. Companies with a solid foundation had higher profitability, faster time to market and lower IT costs. Solid foundation for execution requires the organization to master three disciplines
- operation model
- enterprise architecture
- IT engagement model

What is the extended strategic alignment framework?

A matrix of:
Strategy, Structure, Operations
vs
Business, Information Services, Technology

What is the goal of enterprise architecture?

To fill the gap between strategy and portofiolio/programma management.
Adress organising the organisation

EA should provide insight in
- current state
- current performance
- future state
- expected future performance
- direction & progress of transformation process

What are the key application for enterprise architecture

Situation description
Strategic direction
Gap analysis
Tactical planning
Operational planning
Selection of partial solutions
Solution architecture

What is the definition of enterprise architecture?

A coherent set of descriptions, covering a regulations-oriented, design-oriented and patterns-oriented perspective on an enterprise, which provides indicators and controls that enable the informed governance of the enterprise's evolution and succes

3 perspectives
- regulations
- design
- patterns

What is the regulations oriented perspective on EA

Guidelines, rules & standards: prescriptions that govern the design in the direction of its success

Principles
- as inherent laws (computer require digital storage of data)
- as imposed laws (EU privacy laws)
- as guidelines (pay attention to usability design)

Governance: who needs to do what, when....

What is the design oriented perspective on EA

Comprehensive and cohesive specification of an enterprise in all its facets as a high level design

Models & views

Provides for the necessary descriptions of as-is, to-be

What is the patterns oriented perspective on EA

- colletion of best practices
- bridges regulations & design

Which architectural frameworks are there?

TOGAF: The Open Group's Architecture Framework
- focus on the process of developing an EA: who, what tasks, when, which assets are needed

ZACHMAN: design focus: what kind of artefacts need to be described

ARCHIMATE: design focus: what kind of concepts in which artefacts, how are the different artefacts related

What is Zachman's framework?

A framework for information system architecture = guidelines for creating architectural descriptions

Each column of the framework is descriptive of a single, independent variable within the analytical target. Therefore the basic generic model of any one column is very simple.  

Matrix: Scope, Business Model, IS Model (demand), Technology Model, Detailed representations, Functioning code (supply)
VS
What, How, Where, Who, When, Why

How does TOGAF describe the role of EA

The role of EA is more like that of a city planner than of a building architect, and the product of the EA is more aptly characterized as a planned community, rather than as a well-designed building or set of buildings

Whats the difference between demand and supply within EA

DEMAND
- the owner
- defines business goals and requirements
- essential to achieve business/IT alignment
- defines the organization, rules, interactions   
- the designer
- information system design 

SUPPLY
- the developer company
- the implementation
- the technical realisation, functionalities, the plan
- technology architecture (hardware, software platforms)
- application architecture (services and information to support operational management)`

What are the rows and their functions in the Zachman matrix?

1. Scope = planner
Definition/delineation of the project

2. Enterprise/Business model = owner
Definition/mapping business aspects

3. Information system model = designer
Translation to ICT terms; modeling of information system

4. Technology model = developer, builder
- description of assembly and construction of the system

5. Detailed representations = subcontractors
- functioning code and/or outsourcing of implementation

6. Implementation = functioning enterprise
- active company = perspective of end user
- not really part of the framework; it is the final product itself

What are the problems with the zachman framework?

- many models required to model all dimensions
- how can we ensure consistency between the models?
- documentation heavy
- a clear method is missing
- tool support?
- an organisation is a dynamic system
- not always clear to which row an aspect belongs

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