Research design and collecting data
20 important questions on Research design and collecting data
Exercise recovery cancer
IV early and correct diagnosis / nurse careful follow-up doctors instructions / Peace and quiet
Moderating variable - stage of cancer
Intervening variable: rest patients take
Problem statement: can cancer patients recover by early and correct diagn, nurse careful follow-up doctors instructions and peace and quiet?
Methods for collecting primary or secondary data
Secondary data: collected from existing source: publications, database, internal records. or on the Internet
Methodology or research strategy
Primary or secondary data
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
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Research design ch 4 pg 59
Primary data - research data generated from original source; own experiment, questionnaire survey, focus group
Secondary data; research data collected from existing source, publication, data base, internal records, the internet etc
Positivism or interpretivism p60
Experimental studies
vs
Interpretivism: action research, case study, grounded theory, participative inquiry, Ethnography is the systematic study of people and cultures, Feminist, gender and ethnicity studies
Methods of positivist studies
Descriptive research
Causal research
Cross-sectional research
Longitudinal research
Single cross-sectional design - picture
Multi-cross sectional design - picture of diff groups 1st yr students en last year 1st yr stud - DIFFERENT
Longitudinal studies P64
Methods: questionnaire, interview, observation (government or other bodies publish data on employment, home ownership, HH expenditure and income)
Issues; expensive to conduct
Example: Global entrepreneurship Monitor
Methodology students to investigate to bring about change
Influence of violence in movies: use Triangulation; different sources of data, different research methods to research phenomenon
Service level of Telfort: case study of empirical data of phenomenon
Grounded theory (interpretivist)
Stages:
Develop categories that visualise data and illuminate the data
use theoretical sampling to confirm the initial theoretical categories (including social settings)
Constant comparison of data, modification categories - develop into a general analytical framework with relevance outside research setting
Collect data - compare data - grouping - analysing (continuous)
PP30 Qualitative data is generally associated with Interpretivist methodology: high degree validity low on reliability
PP32 Qualitative data collection methods Chapter 7 P129
Qualitative data are transient, understood only within a context and are associated with interpretivist methodology and result in a high degree validity
Validity - is the extent to which research findings accurately reflect the phenomena under study
Reliablity - refers to absence of differences in the results if study is replicated
Quantitative data are precise, captured at various points in time and in different contexts, are associated with positivist methodology and result in high degree reliability
Interviews for collecting research data: face-to-face, phone, online
- Structured interview (quantitative data!)
- Semi-structured interview
- Unstructured interview
Producer has outsourced promotion to distributors in return for discount - investigate promotion by distributor
Students opinion about curriculum and align with their needs?
Collecting quantitative data
Operationalization: Handout 2 PP 2
Objective construct vs Subjective construct
Subjective construct: beliefs, perception, attitudes - multiple questions
Open-ended (for unbiased point of view, insight, interpretation) and closed questions (quick decision respondent, easy to code)
Discrete and continuous quantitative variable
continuous variable - ratio or interval variable measured on a scale where the data can take any value within given range; such as time or length (amount of food wasted daily; Monday 3kg Wednesday 2,7 kg etc)
Dichotomous variable and dummy variable
dummy variable (present 1 and 0 not present) - is a dichotomous variable coded 1 if present and Zero if characteristic is absent Example age groups <5 years 6-10 years etc 1 Mature > 5yrs old and 0 Other
Hypothetical construct pg203
* an explanatory variable that is based on a scale that measures opinion or other abstract ideas that are not directly observable and is difficult to measure
example IQ intelligence quotient
Dependent variable vs independent variable
- DV variable whose values are influenced by one or more IV
- IV variable that influences the value of DV
- Extraneous variable - variable other than IV that may have an effect on DV; example relationship between productivity and motivation is observed; difficult to exclude eg heatwave, anxiety etc
- confounding variable - one that obscures the effect of another variable (working in unfamiliar place for purpose of a controlled experiment
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
