Theoretical FW & Operational design Handout 1 (93 slides)

7 important questions on Theoretical FW & Operational design Handout 1 (93 slides)

Measurement of variable Handout lesson 3

in the theoretical FW / methodology is an integral part of research and research design

Why?
If unable to measure cannot test hypothesis and unanswered research questions

You also need next to object and characteristic of object: a Judge

Judge: someone who can assess the quality of something eg taste of yoghurt
often judge and object are same 

Attribute  (charac) - Object  -Judge
Price consciousness  - car buyers - car buyer
Self-esteem - dyslexic children - psychologist
Organizational commitment -  school teachers -  school teacher.
Marketing orientation -  companies -  researcher and or consultant
Product quality   tablets -  consumer -  computer expert

Examples of multidimensional abstract concepts vs undimensional

Answers will vary:
Examples of multidimensional scales:
  1. service quality (dimensions: responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy, and tangibles)
  2. store loyalty (dimensions: cognitive, affective, and conative loyalty)
  3. power bases (dimensions: reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power)


Examples of unidimensionalscales:
  1. anger
  2. price perception
  3. endorser attractiveness
  4. buying intention
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Operationalize service quality


  1. •Dimensions of service quality
  2. Reliability – ability to provide what was promised
  3. Assurance – knowledge and courtesy of employees and ability to convey trust
  4. Tangibles – physical facilities and appearance of personnel
  5. Empathy – degree of caring and individual attention
  6. Responsiveness – willingness to help customers and provide prompt service

Ad 2 Develop measurement scale

Quantitative measurable questions that represent all dimensions of construct


(There are existingmeasures of manyconcepts: Sources of existingmeasures are scientificjournalsand “scalehandbooks”, e.g. Marketing ScalesHandbookbyBruner, Henseland James (2005)

Ad 3 Response format definition - scale

scale - tool by which objects are distinguished how they differ from another on variables of interest of research

  • Nominal - categories by:  (sorting) dept. , gender
  • Ordinal - ordered categories   - highest education completed
  • Ratio - numbers with meaningful difference and a natural Zero (weighting scale starts with 0)
  • Interval -   numbers with meaningful difference (IQ score)

AD 4 Measurement scales

Rating scales: Likert scale, numerical scale, category scale etc
Ranking scales - comparison between objects, preferred choices and their ranking :
  • paired comparison (2 objects to choose) , forced choice (rank objects relative to each other) 
  • Comparative scale (compared to point of reference)  

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