Quantitative and Qualitative research

11 important questions on Quantitative and Qualitative research

When is exploratory research useful?

when researchers lack a clear diea of problems they will meet during their study. Through exploration researchers develop concepts more clearly, establish priorities, develop operational definitions and improve the final research design.
It can also save ime and money. It can also be used to discover new variables.

Why is it a good idea to perform exploratory studies?

  1. To get a clear idea of the problem(s) they will meet during the study
  2. It may save money, if during the exploratory studies, further research is experienced as unnecessary then it will not be conducted.
  3. To define variables

What techniques are used for exploratory study?

Both qualitative and quantitative, though exploration relies more heaviliy on qualitative techniques.
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What qualitative methods coudl be uses for exploratory investigations?

  • Secondary data analysis
  • experience surveys
  • focus groups
  • 2-stage-designs

What is the difference between the 3 possible relationships in causal research?

  1. Symmetrical -> Variables changes independently
  2. Reciprocal -> When 2 variables influence and/or reinforce one another
  3. Asymmetrical -> A change in one variable effects another

What is a two-stage design?

Here explorative study is a seperate stage with two objectives:
I = defining research question
II = developing research design
This is to investigate how much money & time it will cost.

What are the objective of a formal study?

- describe a phenomena or characteristics associated with a population (who what when where and how topic)
- estimate proportion of a population
- discovery of associations amongst variables

What are the possible causal relationships?

  • symmetrical (2 variables fluctutate together, but changes in neither variable are due to the other)
  • reciprocal (mutually influence each other, like reading advertisement and use the brand of a product)
  • asymmetrical relationship (changes in one variable IV responsible for change in the other variable DV), mostly used.

We seek three types of evidence testing causal hypothesis (A causes B). Which ones?

  • Co-variation between A and B (when a does not occur, is there also an absence of B? When there is more A is there also more B?)
  • Time order of events in hypothesized direction (does A occur before B?)
  • No other possible causes for B (do C, D, and E not covary with B in a way that suggests possible causal connections?

What are the two requirements succesful experimental designs must meet?

  • control (all factos must be held constant and not fonfounded with another variable that is not part of the study)
  • random assignment of subjects to groups

What is post-hoc fallacy?

This describes an unwarranted conlusions, as causation is difficult to establish with an ex post facto research that does not allow manipulating the independent variable and isoloating multiple causes

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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