Summary: Care Ethics

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• 1 Week 1

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• What is the particularity of epistemological side of the ethics of care?

  It is the point of departure to describe and validate care from the assumption that moral valid knowledge is available in practice instead from schemes, structures and theories. Therefore researchers engage in the praxis doing there empirical research.

• The "Voice of Care" of Carol Gilligan is about the difference. Which differences does she mention?

  • Perspective
    
  • Moral problems
    
  • Questions
    
  • Reasoning strategies
    
  • Outcomes
    

  
  
  She brings the woman's voice into a psychological theory;
  She wants to reframe the conversation between woman and men.

• Which two ways are possible to speak about moral problems?

  Objective - Arguing from a structure and abstract form
  Subjective - Relational from human disposition and context.

• What is the critique from Carol Gilligan upon Kohlberg's theory about the justice - care debate?

  The theory has have a build in a bi-as from legalistic point of view, which is much more benefitting boys in opposite to girls, because they are reasoning more legalistic. 
  He builded a model that is highly valued legalistic reasoning and applies that both on girls and boys. Girls were less developed was his outcome, but he did not researched the way girls reasoning in moral items.
  Therefor the theory is inaccurate and inadequate.

• What are the characteristics of justice and care?

  Justice:
  

  • Abstract           
    
  • Rational    
    
  • Detached point of view 
    
  • Justice is leading 
    
  • Understanding of justice and rules 
    

  
  
  Care:
  

  • Concrete
    
  • Emotional
    
  • connected interdependent
    
  • Care is leading
    
  • Responsibilities in concrete relations
    

• What is the difference between from an justice morality and a care morality from an antropological point of view?

  Justice morality:
  Independence
  Feedom
  Autonomy
  Threat - restriction of freedom
  Ethic = founded upon a decontextualized idea of human reasoning
  
  Care morality:
  Interdependency
  Responsibility
  Reatlionality / permability
  Threat = abandonment
  Ethic = founded upon a contextualized idea of human practice. 

• What are the criticisms of care ethics?

  • Slave morality - oppressive / self-sacrifice
    
  • Empirically flawed - too narrow and elitist sample
  • Theoretically indistinct: lake other theories
  • Parochial - proximate others vs global politics
  • Essentialist - sex-stereotypes and failure of intersectionality
  • Ambiquous - lacking guidance

• Tronto has some optimism - sees a way out:

  We see people taking care and their needs are being met by them. 
  People are bodily, emotional and dependent persons. People do care for others different motivated than from NL-theory.

• What dit Tronto give as a substitute?

  We are all homines Curans; we are driven by moral powers.
  
  Caring democracy; Allocating of care and power.

• How do we do care and live as a homines curans?

  Living in the polis - Artistotelian idea of the good emergens in the collecting practice of living together / friendship. Care as Teleological ethics - it is about what you aim (telos) for, is that what makes your action praxis good. 
  A good nurse is not a result that makes a practice good, but when she gives everything in compassion and knowledge. Otherwise - if the result must be good; nobody want to care for our elderly people.