What is the relationship between adipocyte size and cytokine release?

6 important questions on What is the relationship between adipocyte size and cytokine release?

What can be a consequence of increased adipocyte size?

Consequences of increased adipocyte size may be:
  • insulin resistance --> development in T2DM

What can be causes of increased adipocyte size?

Causes of increased adipocyte size can be:
  • failure in recruitment of new adipocytes due to impaired differentiation

What is the role of fatty acid release in the link between adipocyte size and insulin resistance?

Enlargement of adipocytes in obese people --> antilipolytic effect of insulin --> fatty acid release from adipose tissue into circulation increased

Postprandial fatty acid concentrations play a more important role in the development of insulin resistance than fasting fatty acid concentrations.
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What is the effect of insulin resistance on lipolysis?

Insulin resistance --> hyperinsulinemia --> decrease in fasting lipolysis --> protection against high circulation fatty acid concentration and increase in adipocyte size because triglycerides get stored not broken down
(adipose tissue is normal insulin responsive with respect to inhibition of lipolysis in obese and T2DM people)

What is the link between adipocyte size and insulin resistance?

Impaired buffering capacity for lipid storage in postprandial state --> consequent prolonged elevation of non-esterified fatty acid concentration (not increased fasting adipocyte lipolysis) is link between adipocyte size and insulin resistance

Which adipokines increase when adipocyte size increases and which decrease?

Increase:
  • Leptin
  • Resistin
  • Apelin
  • Visfatin
  • Chemerin
  • TNF

Decrease:
  • Adiponectin

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