Summary: Case 7: (Hu)Man Vs Machine
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1 The enteric nervous system
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Where is the myenteric plexus?
Located in between thelongitudinal andcircular muscles ofmuscularis externae . It controlsdigestive tractmotility throughout the whole gut and consists of anascending anddescending network of neurons. -
Where is the submucosal plexus?
Located in submucosa and is involved in local secretion, absorption and local muscle movement. -
1.1 Cephalic phase
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What organ is triggered once someone smells, sees or tastes food?
The medulla oblangata -
1.2 Gastric phase
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The gastric phase is initiated once food enters the stomach, what happens during this kick-off?
Several hormonal and neural mechanisms are activated -
Which 5 cells are triggered inside the stomach once the gastric phase is launched and what do they secrete/activate?
- Chief cells - inactive pepsinogen
- Parietal cells - pepsin, gastric acid
- Mucous cells - mucous
- G cells - gastrin
- Enterochromaffin-like cells - histamine
- Chief cells - inactive pepsinogen
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1.3 Intestinal phase
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Which 3 chemicals stimulate gastric secretion?
- Gastrin
- Histamine
- Acetylcholine
- Gastrin
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2 Hormones that trigger digestion
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Which 5 hormones that trigger digestion are released by the small intestine?
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin
- Gastric inhibitory peptide
- Motilin
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
- Secretin
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What do the gastric glands secrete once they are stimulated by the stomach produced hormone, gastrin?
Pepsinogen - Hydrochloric acid
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What are the 3 appetite hormones and what do they signal;?
- PYY - Full
- Insulin and leptin - suppress hunger
- Ghrelin - hunger
- PYY - Full
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2.2 Long reflexes
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What are cephalic reflexes?
Long reflexes that originate outside the digestive system include feedforward reflexes and emotional reflexes and originate in the brain.
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