Human impact: Lowland hydrology
15 important questions on Human impact: Lowland hydrology
Lowlands are often induced by humans. True or false?
What are lowland catchments?
Claudia: Areas where hydrological processes are influenced by shallow (less than 3 m below surface) GW.
What are differences between freely draining lowlands and polders (see slide!) - both are lowland catchments.
- Gradients are flow, so flow is slow but flow is gravity-driven
- Are influenced by people, but natural system
- Slightly sloping
- Drained by brooks
Polder:
- below land surface, water flow is pumped/levels are managed
- Manmade
- More stable GW level
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What are similarities between freely draining lowlands and polders?
Often located in river deltas
Shallow GW
Agriculturally productive
Attractive for settlement (often densely populated)
What are challenges in lowland catchments (advantages leading to challenges):
- Floods
- Climate change
- Land use change (has to do with urbanisation and agri expansion)
- Water quality detoriation (extensive agri use and population density)
- Land subsidence (peat oxidation)
- Increasing deman for information
Name (dis)advantages of parametric models (min 16)
- Representation of processes by parameters
- Easy to use
- Relatively fast
- Smaller risk of overparameterisastion than physicall
Disadvantage:
- Need for calibration of parameters
- Over-parameterization (but not as bad with physically based models, in principle you shouldnt have to calibrate your model, but in theory you do)
- No spatial information
Often used at catchment scale
What was a major problem until 2013?
-->
Fill the gap: WALRUS ....SEE SLIDE
Maximum soil moisture content (min 22/23)
Brown part: soil particles
Water = water part
There's a strong relation in GW depth and SM content in lowland areas. True/False?
Which lessons were learned (min 41)
dV indicates how dry it is = storage deficit
dG indicates GW depth = GW table
.....
What is lesson 2: wetnes-dependent flowroutes
- Drainpipe flow
- Ponding & overland flow
- Macropore flow
How does this work in the model?
W is related to vadose zone and dV.
...
Relation between wetness index (W)
GW - SW feedback, has to do with SWlvl management. Name two ways in which SW lvls are managed? SW = surface water
- Supply water from upstream
- Changing weir elevations
What is the 4-step effect of SW lvl management?
What is lesson 3: GW-SW feedback & how is this modelled in WALRUS?
Infiltration: SF to GW
WALRUS: Part P is led to SW and GS and SW interact. Water can also be supplied/extracted externally from SW.
What do the external fluxes fXG and fXS represent?
Draw graph
fxG = upward...
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
