Layer 3 Technologies - OSPF (v2 and v3) - Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
16 important questions on Layer 3 Technologies - OSPF (v2 and v3) - Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
What are the OSPF neighbor states? 8
-Attempt (unicast, NBMA environment)
-Init (multicast)
-Two-way
-Exstart
-Exchange
-loading
-full
What does the OSFP state down mean?
-But hello packets can still be sent to the neighbor
What does the OSFP state attempt mean?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What does the OSPF state 2-way mean?
A Hello has been received from the neighbor, and it has the receiving router’s RID in it. This is a stable state for pairs of DROther neighbors.
Router recieving hello packet sees its own router ID within the recieved hello's packet neighbor.
What does the OSPF state Exstart mean?
Currently negotiating the DD sequence numbers and master/slave logic used for DD packets.
What does the OSPF state Loading mean?
All DD packets exchanged, and currently pulling the complete LSDB entries with LSU packets.
What does the OSFP state Full?
Neighbors are adjacent (fully adjacent), and should have identical LSDB entries for the area in which the link resides. Routing table calculations begin.
What could cause OSPF not to form neighbor relationship? 8
-Area (type)
-Timers
-MTU
-Duplicate Router IDs
-Passive interface
-Authentication
-Filtering (acl deny)
What is the description of the hello packet?
Used to discover neighbors, bring a neighbor relationship to a
2-Way state, and monitor a neighbor’s continuous liveliness
What is the description of the Database Description (DD
or DBD)?
Used to exchange LSA headers during the initial topology
exchange, so that a router knows a list of that neighbor’s
LSAs including their versions
What is the description of the Link-State Request (LSR)?
A packet that identifies one or more LSAs about which the
sending router would like the neighbor to supply full details
about the LSAs
What is the description of the Link-State Update (LSU)?
A packet that contains fully detailed LSAs, sent in response
to an LSR message or in the event of a topological change
What is the description of the Link-State Acknowledgment
(LSAck)?
Where are OSPF packets used?
What is the sequence for OSPF to choose RID?
-Use highest IP number of nonshutdown local loopback interface
-Use highest IP number of nonshutdown nonlocalloopback interface
What is the command to show ospf border-routers?
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i – Intra-area route, I – Inter-area route
i 1.1.1.1 [64] via 10.3.13.1, Serial0/0.1, ABR, Area 3, SPF 30
I 7.7.7.7 [65] via 10.3.13.1, Serial0/0.1, ASBR, Area 3, SPF 30
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
