Network protocols and communications
18 important questions on Network protocols and communications
There are many ideas about communication methods. Regardless of the method chosen, all communication methods have three elements in common. Name these three.
2. The destination or receiver: The destination receives the message and interprets it.
3. a channel: consists of the media that provides the pathway over which the message travels from source to destination.
Name four requirements protocols must account for.
- An identified sender and receiver
- Common language and grammar
- Speed and timing of delivery
- Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements
What is encoding and decoding?
Messages sent across the network are first converted into bits by the sending host. Each bit is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media over which the bits are transmitted. The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.
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Explain the size restrictions of a frame.
What does it mean if the delivery option is referred to as unacknowledged?
What do networking protocols define?
Name three cmmon networking protocols.
2. TCP: tranmission control protocol
3. IP: internet protocol
What is ethernet (protocol)?
Layer Name: Network Access
What is a legacy protocol suite?
What are the benefits of using a layered model to describe network protocols and operations?
- Assisting in protocol design because protocols that operate at a specific layer have defined information that they act upon and a defined interface to the layers above and below.
- Fostering competition because products from different vendors can work together.
- Preventing technology or capability changes in one layer from affecting other layers above and below.
- Providing a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities.
What does OSI Layer 3 do?
OSI Layer 3, the network layer, maps directly to the TCP/IP Internet layer. This layer is used to describe protocols that address and route messages through an internetwork.
What does OSI Layer 4 do?
OSI Layer 4, the transport layer, maps directly to the TCP/IP Transport layer. This layer describes general services and functions that provide ordered and reliable delivery of data between source and destination hosts.
What do OSI model Layers 5, 6, and 7 do?
What are the two primary benefits of segmenting messages?
- By sending smaller individual pieces from source to destination, many different conversations can be interleaved on the network, called multiplexing.
- Segmentation can increase the efficiency of network communications. If part of the message fails to make it to the destination, due to failure in the network or network congestion, only the missing parts need to be retransmitted.
Protocols at the network and data link layers both contain a source and destination address, but their addresses have diffrent purposes. Name the two types of adresses and explain their purposes.
- Network layer source and destination addresses - Responsible for delivering the IP packet from the original source to the final destination, either on the same network or to a remote network.
- Data link layer source and destination addresses – Responsible for delivering the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network.
What is the purpose of the data link address?
Before an IP packet can be sent over a wired or wireless network, it must be encapsulated in a data link frame so it can be transmitted over the physical medium.
The IP packet is encapsulated in a data link frame that contains data link information, including a: (2 anwers)
- Source data link address - The physical address of the device’s NIC that is sending the data link frame.
- Destination data link address - The physical address of the NIC that is receiving the data link frame. This address is either the next hop router or of the final destination device.
The data link frame also contains a trailer which will be discussed later
Explain the Role of the Network Layer Addresses on a remote network.
- Source IP address - The IP address of the sending device, the client computer PC1: 192.168.1.110.
- Destination IP address - The IP address of the receiving device, the server, Web Server: 172.16.1.99.
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