Spanning Tree Protocol - Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals
22 important questions on Spanning Tree Protocol - Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals
Spanning Tree has 5 versions, which ones?
2. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)
3. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+)
4. 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
5. 802.1S Multiple Spanning Tree (MST)
How many instances of Spanning Tree are supported by the original 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol standard.
How many instances of Spanning Tree are supported by the original 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol standard.
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Name 6 port states of the original 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol standard.
2. Blocking (Blocked by STP to prevent a loop)
3. Listening (Transitioned from blocking, listening for BPDUs)
4. Learning (Learning MAC addresses it receives, no user-traffic forwarding.)
5. Forwarding (Final state, forwarding user traffic.)
6. Broken (Configuration or Operational problem on the port.)
What are the default timers for 802.1D STP Listening and Learning states.
Learning 15 seconds
What is a Root Bridge
What is the destination MAC address of a Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU).
A Configuration BPDU has 7 pieces of information. Which ones?
2. Root Path Cost
3. Root Bridge Identifier
4. Local Bridge Identifier
5. Max Age Time
6. Hello Time
7. Forward Delay
What is the Root Path Cost?
In STP, what is the System Priority and what is it used for?
In STP, what is the System ID Extension.
What are the Root and Local Bridge Identifier and what are they comprised of.
In STP, what is the Max Age Timer for and what is the default value.
In STP, what is the Hello Time for and what is the default value?
In STP, what is the Forward Delay used for and what is the default value.
In Spanning Tree, each interface has an STP cost based on it's speed. Which 2 STP Cost methods are there and what are they based on?
2. Long-Mode STP Cost: Newer version. Based on 20 Tbps. 32 bit value
How is the Root Bridge Elected?
It first compares the Priority, lower is better, if these are the same then the Bridge with the lower MAC is preferred.
There are 5 steps to identify the Root Ports, name which 5 in the correct order?
2. Interface associated with the lowest system priority of the advertising switch
3. Interface associated with the lowest system MAC of the advertising switch
4. When connected to the same switch the lowest port priority from the advertising switch is used.
5. When the port priority is the same the lowest port number of the advertising switch is used.
After locating the Root Ports all other ports are considered Designated Ports. When two non-root switches are connected on Designated ports, one of the ports needs to be blocked to prevent a loop. Name the 6 steps to identify the Blocked ports
2. The switch with the higher path cost blocks.
3. The switch with the higher priority blocks
4. The switch with the higher MAC address blocks
5. The port where the advertised port priority is lower is Designated. The other port is blocked.
6. The port where the advertised port id is lower is Designated . The other port is blocked.
If the Type field includes *TYPE_inc - it indicates a port configuration mismatch. What are 2 common issues?
2. Port mode (Access vs Trunk). Incorrect
If a Layer 2 topology change is detected, what happens in STP?
2. Intermediate switch send an Ack message and forwards the TCN.
3. The Root Bridge creates a new Configuration BPDU with the TCN Flag set and floods it to all switches.
4. Switches that receive the BPDU with the TCN set, temporarily set the MAC age time to 15 seconds. Effectively flushing all MAC addresses older than 15 seconds.
What happens when there is a loss of BPDUs on a root port.
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