QoS - Classification and Marking
9 important questions on QoS - Classification and Marking
Which 7 traffic descriptors are typically used for classification?
2. Layer 1 (Physical interface, subinterface, port)
3. Layer 2 (MAC address and 802.1Q/p Class of Service bits.
4. Layer 2.5 (MPLS Experimental (EXP) bits)
5. Layer 3 (Differentiated Service Code Points DSCP, IP Precedence IPP, and source/destination IP address
6. Layer 4 (TCP or UDP Ports)
7. Layer 7 (Next Generation Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR2)
What is Next Generation Network-Bases Application Recognition, or NBAR2?
It can recognize more than 1000 application and gets monthly protocol packs for new or changed applications.
What are the 2 modes of operation of NBAR2?
Discovers and gets real-time statistics from application running on the network, which then can be used in defining QoS classes and policies using MQC configuration.
2. Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
Using MQC network traffic that matches specific network protocols can be assigned to a traffic class.
After which different QoS policies can be assigned per traffic class.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
Which Traffic Descriptors are used for Traffic Marking?
2. Layer 2 (802.1Q/p)
3 Layer 2.5 (MPLS EXP bits)
4 Layer 3 (DCSP and IPP)
Layer 2 and Layer 3 are the Traffic Descriptors used most often in Enterprise Networks.
What is the PCP or Priority Code Point field and what is it used for?
It is used to mark packets as belonging to a specific CoS (Class of Service) and can use 8 different priority levels.
Level 0 is the lowest for background traffic and level 7 is the highest for Network Control
What is a drawback of using the PCP CoS markings?
This can be overcome by mapping CoS markings to another marking.
For example CoS priority levels correspond directly to IPv4 IP Precedence ToS values so they can be mapped directly to each other.
What are the 2 options to mark Layer 3 packets?
2. Differentiated Services Field, which is the same 8-bit field as the ToS field, however it has been redefined by newer standards.
Backwards compatible with ToS
It is composed of a 6 bit Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP) fiels that allows classification of up to 64 classes. And a 2 bit Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field.
What is a DiffServ Behaviour Aggregate?
Routers can make Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB) decisions, which are based on DiffServ BAs
Which 4 PHBs have been defined and characterized for general use?
2. Default Forwarding PHB: Used for best effort service
3. Assured Forwarding PHB: Used for guaranteed bandwidth service.
4. Expedited Forwarding PHB: Used for low-delay service
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
