Pearson Test Prep - MPLS

8 important questions on Pearson Test Prep - MPLS

What 4 fields does a MPLS label contain?

1. Label - 20 bit
2. TC Traffic Class - 3 bit
3. S Stack bit - 1 bit - bit set to 1 means last label in packet
4. TTL - 8 bit

What are 4 MPLS labels containing the values 0 thru 3?

Value 0 - IPv4 explicit null label
indicates the LSR should pop entire label stack and forward packet based on IPv4 headers

Value 1 - Router Alert Label
Indicates the  LSR should deliver packet to local software module  for processing. If forwarded, RA label back on top of the label stack.

Value 2 - IPv6 explicit null label
indicates the LSR should pop entire label stack and forward packet based on IPv6 headers

Value 3 - implicit null label
Indicates to the LSR to only remove the top label of the stack and then forward te packet, either labeled or unlabeled.
Configured in LDP by default

Where is the MPLS label inserted in the packet?

Between Layer 2 Frame header and Layer 3 IP Header
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What two options are there to refresh the BGP session or sessions?

1. Hard reset - Clear BGP afi safi [IP address | *]
Tears down sessions and removes routes from peer.

2. Soft reset -  Clear BGP afi safi [IP address | *] Soft [In | Out]
Invalidates BGP cache and requests a full advertisement from its peer.

Which BGP attributes are set on routes redistributed into BGP?

1. Origin is set to incomplete
2. Next-hop address is set to IP address of source protocol
3. Weight is set to 32768
4. The MED is set to the path metric of the source protocol

How can OSPF External routes be redistributed into BGP?

Using the 'Match External [1|2]' options when configuring redistribution.

What is the difference with route maps using extended ACLs for IGP protocols versus EGP protocols?

When used for IGP protocols the source is the network ID and the destination is the subnet mask

When used for EGP protocols (BGP) the source can be a network ID and 'mask'
The destination indicates the included subnets

What are the 12 common RegEx query modifiers and their meaning.

_ Matches a space
^ Indicates start of a string
$ Indicates end of a string
[] Matches a single character or nesting within a range
- Indicates a range of numbers in brackets
[^] Excludes the characters in brackets
() Used for nesting of search patterns
| Provides OR functionality
. Matches a single character, including a space
* Matches zero or more characters or patterns
+ Matches 1 or more instance of the pattern
? Matches 1 or no instances of the pattern.

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