Summary: Ccnp Routing
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1 Basic Network and Routing Concepts
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1.1 Differentiating Routing Protocols
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Describe the role of dynamic routing protocols within the enterprise network infrastructure
Basic objective: Exchange network reachability information between routers and dynamically adapt to network changes -
Choosing the optimal routing protocol
Input requirements:
- size of network
- multivendor support
- knowledge level of specific protocal
Protocol characteristics:
- type of routing algorithm
- speed of convergence
- scalability -
what is the difference betweer IGP and EGP routing protocols
Internal (used in an organization or AS) and External (used between ASs) -
What are the different types of routing protocols?
- Distance Vector Protocols
determine direction (vector) and distance to any link in the network
EIGRP and RIPv2
- Link-state Vector Protocols
Uses SPF Algortihm. creates an abstract of the exact topology of the entire network. Like having a complete map of the network topology.
OSPF and ISIS
- Path Vector Protocols
exchange information about the existence of destination networks and the path on how to reach the destination
BGP -
What is the importance of convergence
Convergence describes the process in which routers notice a network change, exchange information about the change and perform the necessary calculations to reevaluate the best routes. -
Decribe route summarization
Allows to reduce routing overhead and improve stability and scalability of routing by lowering the amount of routing information that is maintained and exchanged between routers. -
1.2.2 IPv6 address types
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Differentiate IPv6 address types
- Global: prefix 2000::/3 (Example: 2001:DB8:20:20:1/64)
- Link local: prefix FE80::/10 (Example: FE80::250:56FF:FEC0:8)
- Multicast: prefix FF00::/8 (Example: FF02::A)
- Unique Local Addresses: prefix FC00::/7 (Example: FDC0:FD74:2B07::1)
- Loopback ::1
- unspecified :: -
What is a Unique Local Address
IPv6 unicast addresses that are globally unique and are intended for local communications; not routable on the global internet, but routeable inside a limited area, such as a site. -
1.2.4 Nonbroadcast Multiple-Access Networks
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Most common topologies of NBMA networks
hub-and-spoke or partial-mesh -
NBMA has the following challenges to routing protocols
- Split horizon (EIGRP)
Split-Horizon rule reduces routing loops for distance vector routing protocols.
- Neighbor discovery (OSPF)
OSPF over NBMA networks works in a nonbroadcasting network mode by default, and neighbors are not automatically discovered.
- Broadcast replication
With routers that support multipoint connections over a single interface that terminate in many PVCs, the router must replicate broadcast packets, such as routing update broadcasts, on each PVC to the remote routers; consume bandwith.
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For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
