Continuing similarities & how bad is it to be excluded

10 important questions on Continuing similarities & how bad is it to be excluded

What is terrormanagement theory?

We have our own worldview to live with the fact we will die. Cultural and religious worldviews provide us with a sense of belonging, meaning order and self esteem. this theory says that other worldviews or people challanging our worldviews create anxiety. reminding people of their mortuality makes people more defend their own worldview.

How bad is it to be excluded or rejected? which fundamental needs are treatenend?

it is one of the most painful experiences we can have as an human being. belonging, self -esteem, control and meaningful exisitence.

What is the same between exclusion and discrimination?

discirmination and exclusion have the same results; it is painful and increase hostility, increases identification with the in-group and decreases well-being.
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Why this study? Williams (2007)

ostracism itself is not actually studied

What are the important findings? Williams (2007)

large effect on the negative effect: anger and sadness

ostracism twarted fundamental needs:

  1. need to belong
  2. need to self-esteem
  3. need to control
  4. need for meaningful existence

there are thre stages:

  1. reflexive stage
  2. reflective stage
  3. long term ostracism

What can we do with it? Williams (2007)

discrimination has the similar results as exclusion

Why this article? Shore, Randel and Chung (2011)

To constuate a conspet of conclusion

What is the definition of inclusion? Shore, Randel and Chung (2011)

the degree to which an employee perceives that he or she is an asteemed member of the workgroup

What are the most important findings? Shore, Randel and Chung (2011)

individuals and groups want to feel a sense of belonging and a sense of uniqueness. we believe that inclusive workgroups would create greater inequality in the workplace for diverse people by affirming the unique contributions they offer and ancourage full participation in workgroup activities

What can we do with it? Shore, Randel and Chung (2011)

contextual factors influence the individual's perceptions of inclusion:

  • inclusive climate: policies and procedures are consistent with fair treatment of all social groups
  • inclusive leadership: leader determine access to rewards and opportunities, he or she behave in ways that create a sense of inclusion
  • inclusive practice; information access, participation in decision making, conflict resolution procedures and freedom of stereotyping

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