Summary: Cell Biology
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Lecture 6
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How can a cell be defined?
-is the essential building block of all life on earth;
-has a limiting membrane (inside/outside compartments);
-contains biomolecules (e.g. protein/RNA/DNA);
-is an autonomous unit in performing a function;
-can respond & adapt to stimuli;
-can (often) reproduce itself. -
Name the three groups a cell can belong to:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryotes
- Bacteria
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Name the three types of microscopy.
-Light microscopy;
-Fluorescence microscopy;
-Electron microscopy. -
Name the advantages of EM over LM.
-Superior resolution (up to 0.5 nm);
-Visualize the whole cell, not only a fluorescent probe;
-Huge magnification range (30x-300.000xL 104). -
Name the disadvantages of EM compared to LM.
-Requires fixation of cells (operates under vacuum);
-Only small pieces of tissue can be imaged;
-Time-consuming method. -
Name the prime function of the nucleus.
It stores and transcribes DNA. -
Name the prime function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
It plays a role in translation of RNA to protein and protein folding. -
Name the prime function of mitochondria.
It burns glucose to make ATP, the main source of energy. -
Name the prime functions of the cytoplasm.
It plays a role in:- Transport;
- Protein synthesis;
- Protein break down;
- Signal transduction;
- Membrane fusion;
- Ionic homeostasis.
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Name the prime function of the cytoskeleton.
It is important for the cell shape and transport inside the cell.
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