Cytoskeleton (Smit)
28 important questions on Cytoskeleton (Smit)
Which of the three filaments that are found in the cytoplasm are the toughest and most durable?
What are the intermediate filaments in the nerve cells called?
What are the intermediate filaments in connective tissue, muscle cells, and neuroglial cells called?
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How is an intermediate filament build up?
Which intermediate filaments are found in the cytoplasm?
- Keratin filaments
- Vimentin and vimentin-related filaments
- Neurofilaments
What is the function of intermediate filaments in the nucleus?
What protein aids in the bundling of intermediate filaments and links these filaments to other cytoskeletal protein networks?
What is the main function of microtubules?
What are the structures called where microtubules grow out from?
- Centrosomes
- Mitotic spindle
- Basal body (cilia)
How are microtubules build up?
Microtubules are very polar. What makes the plus end and what makes the minus end?
What is the function of the γ-tubulin?
Why do microtubules need nucleating sites such as those provided by the γ-tubulin rings in the centrosome?
What is dynamic instability?
What controls the dynamic instability of microtubules?
How can microtubules selectively be stabilized?
What are motor proteins?
What are the two types of motor proteins?
- Kynesins
- Dyneins
What are the three types of microtubules that are involved in spindle formation?
- Aster microtubules
- Kinetochore microtubules
- Interpolar microtubules
As a cell grows, which microtubule-associated protein pulls the ER membrane outward, stretching it like a net?
As a cell grows, which microtubule-associated protein pulls the Golgi apparatus inward, toward the nucleus?
Where are actin filaments located?
(B) Contractile bundles in the cytoplasm
(C) Fingerlike filopodia protruding from the leading edge of a moving cell
(D) Contractile ring during cell division
How is an actin filament build up?
What is the growth and shrink process for actin filaments?
The actin filament loses actin subunits from the minus end, new actin monomers are added at the plus end.
What are examples of proteins involved in the regulation of actin filaments?
- Bundling protein
- Severing protein
- Motor protein
- Side-binding protein
- Capping (end-blocking) protein
- Cross-linking protein
What is the role of actin at the 'leading edge'?
What is the network called that is actin filament rich and just beneath the cell membrane?
Do actin filaments grow faster at the plus or minus end?
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