Epithelia and gland tissue

29 important questions on Epithelia and gland tissue

In a few words, how can you describe epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue is tissue that covers things in the body.

Where in the body can epithelial tissue be found?

- The outer layer of the skin;
- Body cavities and respiratory and digestive systems;
- Layers in blood vessels;
- Layers of some organs.

Which two kinds of epithelium could you identify, seen the place in the body?

- Covering and lining epithelium (everything that enters the body has to pass epithelium);
- Glandular epithelium (the glands of the body).
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Which two surfaces does an epithelial cell have?

- The apical surface (the surface exposed to the exterior);
- The basal surface (attached to connective tissue and the rest of the organism).

How can the apical surface of an epithelial cell be lined?

- It can be smooth;
- or it can be lined with microvilli.

What is the function of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell?

It increases the surface, which is handy for absorption and secretion.

Based on which 3 categories is epithelial tissue classified?

1. Embryonic origin, ecto-, endo-, or mesodermal
2. Morphology, the shape of the cells
3. Cell organization, number of cell layers (strata)

Which 3 types of cell shapes are there?

1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar

What does transitional mean for a cell shape?

The shape of the cell switches between squamous and cuboidal

What are 4 characteristics of the Epithelia?

1. No blood circulation
2. Polarized (apical and baso-lateral) 
3. Surface specializations
4. Presence of a basal membrane

Which 2 parts are in the apical domain?

1. Microvilli, an increase of surface area
2. Cilia, movement and sensory function

Which 7 intercellular connections are there?

1. Tight junctions
2. Adhesion belt
3. Gap junctions
4. Desmosomes
5. Hemidesmosomes
6. Basal domain

What are the 2 functions of tight junctions?

1. Prevents transport between cells
2. Membrane proteins of both cells are compartmentalized to keep them separated

What kind of intercellular connection is this?

An adhesion belt

Where is an adhesion belt made by?

Made by transmembrane-linker proteins: cadherins

Name the state in both intra- and intercellular adhesion belts?

Intercellular: widened
Intracellular: connected with actin

Which intercellular connection is this?

Gap junctions

What are the transmembrane proteins in gap junctions?

Connexins

Which intercellular connection is this?

Desmosomes

Which intercellular connection is the strongest?

Desmosomes

How are desmosomes connected intracellular?

Connected with intermediate filaments (keratin, vimentin, desmin)

What are the transmembrane-linker proteins of the Hemidesmosomes?

Integrins

What 2 parts of the cell do integrins connect in hemidesmosomes?

Integrins connect the cell with connective tissue underneath

What is often present with gland tissue?

Often presence of secretion vesicles

Gland tissues consist of which 2 parts?

1. Parenchyma (gland cells)
2. Stroma (connective tissue)

Through which 2 glands is the secretion of gland tissues executed?

1. Exocrine glands, release via duct to epithelial surface
2. Endocrine glands, release of hormones directly to the lumen, blood or lymph

Which 3 methods of secretion are there and where do they happen?

1. Merocrine, salivary gland
2. Apocrine, mammary gland
3. Holocrine, hair follicle by the mammary gland

What are the 3 primary components in the secretion process of the protein-producing gland?

1. Ribosomes
2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
3. The Golgi apparatus

Is there storage of steriod in the cell?

No

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