Kidneys - Parts of the Nephron

17 important questions on Kidneys - Parts of the Nephron

What substances do the parts of the nephron take back as much as possible?

- All glucose
- a lot of water
- Na+

What do 15-20% of human nephrons have?

15-20% of human nephrons have long loops

What can human nephrons do?

Can increase urine osmolarity 4x plasma
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Which loops do kangaroo rats have and how much plasma?

All long loops - 12x plasma

Which loops do freswater fishes have and how much plasma?

All short loops - dilute urine

What happends in the dista convoluted tubule?

Specialized secretion and reabsorption

What happends within specialized secretion and reabsorption?

  • Hormone mediated regulation of uptake of solutes and water
  • Reabsorb Na+ in response to aldosterone
  • Secretes excess K+ 

What is the function of the collecting duct?

The collecting duct is the main site of hormone-regulated H2O reabsorption

To which hormone do the parts of the nephron respond?

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

How is the anti diruetic hormone (ADH) also known?

ADH is also known as Vasopressin

What happends when ADH is not present?

When ADH is not present will it be impermeable (ondoordringbaar) for H2O

Which substance reduces (verminderd) production of ADH

Alcohol

What are influences by less production of ADH?

- less water reabsorbed
- more water lost with urine than wanted
- becoming thirsty

How does the Nephron regulates pH of urine?

Nephron regulates pH of urine by transport of H+ , HCO3- and ammonia

What do CI-/HCO3- do?

CI-/HCO3- exhangers recover (wisselaars recupereren) CI- while alkalinizing primary urine

What does the loop of henle establishes (vaststellen)?

The loop of Henle establishes a concentration gradient (hellingshaak) in medulla

What is permeable (doorlaatbaar) in the decending limb (aflopende/dalende richting)

Permeable to H2O not Na+

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